{"id":4954,"date":"2020-03-10T14:58:14","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T21:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=4954"},"modified":"2021-02-24T15:11:26","modified_gmt":"2021-02-24T23:11:26","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-10-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/03\/10\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-10-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report March 10, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Several new studies have explored the potential efficacy of treatments for other conditions that have been FDA-approved and may have useful applications for COVID-19 patients, though further study and clinical trials are warranted. Among those discussed in the newest literature are cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, mefloquine hydrochloride, and chloroquine phosphate.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Previous reports have indicated a range of incubation periods among COVID-19 patients. A new report suggests that around 1% of cases may develop symptoms after the standard 14-day monitoring window.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Asymptomatic transmission continues to be documented, with researchers emphasizing how asymptomatic transmission complicates the effectiveness of traditional intervention strategies.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4957\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A confirmed asymptomatic carrier of SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Luo et al report evidence of asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19. They discuss challenges in identifying asymptomatic carriers and patients during their asymptomatic phase and advocate for new preventive strategies to include this epidemiological evidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Luo et al. (Mar 9, 2020).\u00a0 A confirmed asymptomatic carrier of SARS-CoV-2. Pre-print downloaded Mar 10 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.04.20030965\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000798<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4955\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lauer et al report that the median incubation period for COVID-19 is 5 days and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection. This means that, 101 out of every 10,000 cases will develop symptoms after monitoring or quarantine. The public he<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">alth implications of this is that there is need for longer monitoring periods.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lauer et al. (Mar 10, 2020). The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Annals of Internal Medicine. Print downloaded Mar 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-0504\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-0504<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4963\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Of chloroquine and COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Touret and Lamballerie provide a commentary on studies that demonstrated benefits of chloroquine phosphate in inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promoting a virus negative conversion, and shortening the disease course. They however caution against drawing definitive conclusions without a clinical trial.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Touret and Lamballerie (Mar 2, 2020). Of chloroquine and COVID-19. Antiviral Research. Pre-print downloaded Mar 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104762\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104762<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4961\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Diagnostic Testing for the Novel Coronavirus<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sharfstein et al discuss the race against time to discover new and better diagnostic tools and the technical challenges of the tests developed by CDC for diagnosis of COVID-19. They discuss the regulatory structures for diagnostic tests and draw distinction between testing capacity for public surveillance and clinical care. Some of the challenges encountered by the labs included difficulty verifying results as some came back as inconclusive or invalid due to lack of negative control. The paper further highlights the controversial area of public policy on tests, major gaps in oversight of test accuracy and validity during declared public health emergencies, and ability of FDA to identify and quickly address testing errors by labs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sharfstein et al. (Mar 9, 2020). Diagnostic Testing for the Novel Coronavirus. JAMA. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762951\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2762951<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4959\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related coronavirus model<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fan et al repurposed clinically approved drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, reporting that cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride exhibited complete inhibition of cytopathic effects in cell culture at 10 \u03bcmol\/L and should be considered potential drugs for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical trials are needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fan et al. (Mar 6, 2020).<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related coronavirus model.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Print downloaded Mar 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000797\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000797<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4969\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Emergency management of the prevention and control of novel Coronavirus pneumonia in specialized branches of hospital<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ma et al discuss emergency management and prevention and control of COVID-19 in a hospital setting. They discuss changes in general, enforced ward and business management, leadership and hospital set up, and contingency plans. They report on personnel education and training, resource mobilization, three level prevention and control mechanisms, and environment and access management during the outbreak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ma et al. (Mar 9, 2020). Emergency management of the prevention and control of novel Coronavirus pneumonia in specialized branches of hospital.\u00a0 Pre-print downloaded Mar 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.13958\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.13958<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4967\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Comparison of severe and non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia: review and meta-analysis<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ji et al reviewed literature to compare the difference between severe and non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia to identify common and symptoms associated with disease severity. Fever (89.2%), cough (67.2%), fatigue (43.6%) were common to severe and non-severe while polypnea\/dyspnea, fever, and diarrhea were associated with severe disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ji et al. (Mar 9, 2020).\u00a0 Comparison of severe and non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia: review and meta-analysis.\u00a0 Pre-print downloaded Mar 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.04.20030965\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.04.20030965<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4965\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: facing the pandemic together as citizens and cardiovascular practitioners<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biondi-Zoccai et al describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions used, and clinical outcomes and associated complications of COVID-19 infection in Italy. The critical differential diagnoses for physicians is provided to proactively diagnose, risk-stratify, and manage patients with COVID-19 while not disregarding all other important cardiovascular conditions, which may well be worsened by the disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bionda-Zoccai et al. (Mar 9, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: facing the pandemic together as citizens and cardiovascular practitioners. Minerva Cardioangiologica. Pre-print downloaded from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4725.20.05250-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4725.20.05250-0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554776\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 A new report out of Italy describing clinical features and considerations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diagnostic Testing for the Novel Coronavirus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013JAMA (Mar, 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013Research Letter, Vol 26, Number 6- June 2020<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013The Lancet (Mar 9, 2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several new studies have explored the potential efficacy of treatments for other conditions that have been FDA-approved and may have useful applications for COVID-19 patients, though further study and clinical trials are warranted. Among those discussed in the newest literature are cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, mefloquine hydrochloride, and chloroquine phosphate.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/03\/10\/sars-cov-2-and-covid-19-facing-the-pandemic-together-as-citizens-and-cardiovascular-practitioners\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4954"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4972,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4954\/revisions\/4972"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4954"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}