{"id":575,"date":"2020-08-28T17:03:02","date_gmt":"2020-08-29T00:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=575"},"modified":"2020-09-03T09:32:47","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T16:32:47","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-aug-28-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/08\/28\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-aug-28-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report Aug. 28, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p>Today\u2019s summary is based on a review of 371 articles (361 published, 10 in preprint).<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-579\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: SARS-CoV-2 Stool Testing and the Potential for Faecal-Oral Transmission<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A systematic review of stool testing for SARS-CoV-2 (95 studies) showed that 934\/2149 (43%) patients tested positive by stool sample or by anal swab, with positive results up to 70 days after symptom onset. Fecal samples of 282\/443 (64%) remained positive even after respiratory samples became negative, for a mean of 12.5 days, and viable SARS-CoV-2 was found in 6\/17 (35%) patients in whom this was specifically investigated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>van Doorn et al. (Aug 27, 2020). Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: SARS-CoV-2 Stool Testing and the Potential for Faecal-Oral Transmission. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32852082\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32852082<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Testing and Treatment<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-585\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Self-Diagnosed COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Community-Based Cohort of the UK MS Register<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A prospective observational cohort study found that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and those taking immunomodulatory disease-modifying therapies were not at elevated risk of COVID-19. Among people with MS, 237 of 3,910 (6%) participants reported self-diagnosed COVID-19, which was a similar risk to among their siblings without MS (OR: 1.2, 95%CI: 0.9-1.6). Participants taking disease-modifying therapies were less likely to have self-diagnosed COVID-19 (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.96).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Evangelou et al. (Aug 27, 2020). Self-Diagnosed COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Community-Based Cohort of the UK MS Register. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324449\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324449<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-583\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Low-Dose Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Study of 8075 Participants<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>Catteau et al. conducted a retrospective analysis of in-hospital mortality using Belgian national COVID-19 hospital surveillance data (n=8,075) and found that, after adjusting for clinical and demographic features, mortality was lower among patients who received low-dose hydroxychloroquine (2400 mg over 5 days) compared to supportive care alone (HR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.6-0.8).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Catteau et al. (Aug 24, 2020). Low-Dose Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Study of 8075 Participants. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106144\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106144<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-581\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Impact of Famotidine Use on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A retrospective propensity-matched observational study (n=878) found that famotidine, a histamine-2 blocker used to treat acid reflux and ulcers, was associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.96) as well as combined outcome of death or intubation (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-0.96). While patients treated with famotidine were younger (63.5 +\/- 15 vs 67.5 +\/- 15.8), propensity score matching to adjust for age did not change the associations. Forty-eight of 83 (58%) patients in the famotidine group received corticosteroids versus 329\/689 (48%) of patients in the non-famotidine group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Mather et al. (Aug 26, 2020). Impact of Famotidine Use on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. American Journal of Gastroenterology. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Documents\/AJG-20-2074_R1.pdf\">https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ajg\/Documents\/AJG-20-2074_R1.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-593\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Prevalence of Surface Contamination With SARS-CoV-2 in a Radiation Oncology Clinic<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>In a quality improvement study of a radiation oncology department in New Jersey, 128 environmental swabs were obtained following WHO protocols over 6 days from May 1 to May 13 (peak daily rate for New Jersey), of which none were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The investigators suggest routine cleaning and disinfecting protocols appear to be adequate for limiting fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Jan et al. (Aug 27, 2020). Prevalence of Surface Contamination With SARS-CoV-2 in a Radiation Oncology Clinic. JAMA Oncology. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3552\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3552<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-591\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid\u201019 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A retrospective cohort study of 1,419 patients with COVID-19 who were seen in emergency departments and discharged found that 66 (5%) returned to a hospital within 72 hours and were admitted. Those age &gt; 60 years were more likely to experience a return hospital admission compared to those age 18-39 (aOR=4.6). Hypoxia (aOR=2.9), presentation with fever (aOR=2.4), and abnormal chest radiography (aOR=2.4) were also associated with return hospital admission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Kilaru et al. (Aug 27, 2020). Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid\u201019 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments. Academic Emergency Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.14117\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.14117<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-589\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics and Viral RNA Detection in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>Han et al. report a case series of children (age &lt;19 years; n=91) with SARS-CoV-2 across 20 hospitals and 2 isolation facilities across Korea (mid-February to March) and found that 22% of children were asymptomatic. Only 9% of symptomatic cases were diagnosed at the time of symptom onset, while among those with symptoms, 66% had unrecognized symptoms before diagnosis and 25% developed symptoms after diagnosis. SARS-CoV-2 RNA persisted in upper respiratory samples for a mean of 17.6 days among all children and 14.1 days among asymptomatic children. Among the symptomatic children, 65% had mild illness, 28% had moderate illness, and 3% had severe illness and received supplemental oxygen via nasal prongs. No children required mechanical ventilation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Han et al. (Aug 28, 2020). Clinical Characteristics and Viral RNA Detection in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea. JAMA Pediatrics. <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2770150\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2770150<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-587\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics of Children and Young People Admitted to Hospital with Covid-19 in United Kingdom: Prospective Multicentre Observational Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A prospective observational cohort study in the UK of children and young adults (n=651, median age=4.6, IQR 0.3-13.7) found that 52\/456 (11%) participants met the WHO case definition for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19 (MIS-C). Children who met criteria for MIS-C were older than children who did not (median 10.7 years vs 1.6 years) and were more likely to be of non-white ethnicity (64% vs 42%). The most common symptom clusters among the whole cohort were a respiratory illness followed by a systemic mucocutaneous enteric illness cluster that included headache, muscle ache, sore throat, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, swollen lymph nodes and conjunctivitis. In multivariable analysis, acute COVID-19 was associated with age &lt;1 month (OR: 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.7), age 10-14 years (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6-7.0), and Black ethnicity (OR: 2.8, 1.4 to 5.6).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Swann et al. (Aug 27, 2020). Clinical Characteristics of Children and Young People Admitted to Hospital with Covid-19 in United Kingdom: Prospective Multicentre Observational Cohort Study. BMJ. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m3249\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m3249<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-595\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Fear and Avoidance of Healthcare Workers: An Important, under-Recognized Form of Stigmatization during the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>An online survey of a random sample of adults from the US and Canada who were not healthcare workers (HCWs) (n=3,551) found that over a quarter of respondents believed that restrictions should placed on HCWs, such as being isolated from their communities and families, and over a third of respondents avoided HCWs for fear of infection. Demographic factors were not associated with HCW stigmatization, while variables related to COVID-19 Stress Syndrome had a stronger association.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Taylor et al. (Aug 19, 2020). Fear and Avoidance of Healthcare Workers: An Important, under-Recognized Form of Stigmatization during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102289\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102289<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0659-0\">Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays Reveals a Range of Test Performance<\/a> \u2013 Nature Biotechnology (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-020-0779-1\">The Dynamic Changes in Cytokine Responses in COVID-19: A Snapshot of the Current State of Knowledge<\/a> \u2013 Nature Immunology (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18150-z\">Misconceptions about Weather and Seasonality Must Not Misguide COVID-19 Response<\/a> \u2013 Nature Communications (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000889\">Recommendations for Future University Pandemic Responses: What the First COVID-19 Shutdown Taught Us<\/a> \u2013 PLOS Biology (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2770149\">Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Viral Shedding in Pediatric Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Under the Surface \u2013<\/a> JAMA Pediatrics (Aug 28)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238299\">Who Can Go Back to Work When the COVID-19 Pandemic Remits?<\/a> \u2013 PLOS ONE (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.11.covid19.2500.1\">Drug Interactions of Psychiatric and COVID-19 Medications<\/a> \u2013 Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal (July 1)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.11.covid19.2549.1\">Fear, Loss, Social Isolation, and Incomplete Grief Due to COVID-19: A Recipe for a Psychiatric Pandemic<\/a> \u2013 Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal (July 30)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.08.007\">Coinfections among COVID-19 Patients: A Need for Combination Therapy?<\/a> \u2013 Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (Aug 18)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2020.1094\">Unexpected Health Insurance Profits and the COVID-19 Crisis<\/a> \u2013 JAMA Health Forum (Aug 27)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8030474\">Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2<\/a> \u2013 Vaccines (Aug 25)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32853490\/\">African-Americans Have a Higher Propensity for Death from COVID-19: Rationale and Causation.<\/a> \u2013 Journal of National Black Nurses\u2019 Association (July 31)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Report prepared by the UW MetaCenter for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways: A cohort study of children admitted to hospitals in the UK with proven or highly-likely COVID-19 found that 11% of children met criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and that acute COVID-19 was associated with age < 1 month, age 10-14 years, and Black ethnicity. \n\n\n\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/08\/28\/fear-and-avoidance-of-healthcare-workers-an-important-under-recognized-form-of-stigmatization-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":338,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=575"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":599,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions\/599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=575"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}