{"id":5842,"date":"2020-04-10T14:10:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T21:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=5842"},"modified":"2021-03-05T14:31:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T22:31:41","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-10-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/04\/10\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-10-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report April 10, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Research continues on refining and improving current testing capabilities, and one study suggests that self-collected throat washings may present a better SARS-CoV-2 sampling method.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Multiple studies explore potential protective population level impacts on COVID-19 transmission and severity, including Vitamin D supplementation and BCG vaccination.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Severe obesity may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Some risk factors of prolonged viral shedding in COVID-19 patients, include: male sex, delayed admission to hospital after illness onset, and invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>More studies are being conducted to understand the association of any meteorological factors with COVID-19 transmission; the current study showing no association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UW radiation in Chinese cities. <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-5843\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Self-Isolation Compliance In The COVID-19 Era Influenced By Compensation: Findings From A Recent Survey In Israel<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A cross sectional study of the adult population of Israel conducted to assess public attitudes towards the COVID-19 outbreak and compliance of self-quarantine measures suggests that compliance is much higher when compensation for lost wages is assumed.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This study indicates that providing people with assurances for their livelihood during self-quarantine is an important component in compliance with public health regulations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bodas and Peleg. (Apr 9, 2020). Self-Isolation Compliance In The COVID-19 Era Influenced By Compensation: Findings From A Recent Survey In Israel. Health Affairs. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00382\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00382<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-5849\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">No Association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors explored the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in 224 Chinese cities.\u00a0 No significant associations were found, suggesting that ambient temperature and UV radiation may not have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yao et al. (Apr 1, 2020). No Association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities. Eur Respir J.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00517-2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00517-2020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5847\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence \u2014 United States, February 12\u2013April 7, 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This MMWR report includes geographic differences in COVID-19 cases, deaths, and changes in incidence in the US, with cumulative incidence ranging widely from 20.6 to 915.3 cases per 100,000 population. These differences likely reflect a combination of jurisdiction-specific epidemiologic and population-level factors, including 1) the timing of COVID-19 introductions; 2) population density; 3) age distribution and prevalence of underlying medical conditions among COVID-19 patients (1\u20133); 4) the timing and extent of community mitigation measures; 5) diagnostic testing capacity; and 6) public health reporting practices<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The article highlights the importance of monitoring jurisdiction-level numbers of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and changes in incidence to understand community risk and to make decisions about community mitigation, including social distancing, and strategic health care resource allocation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bialek et al. (Apr 10, 2020). Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence \u2014 United States, February 12\u2013April 7, 2020. MMWR. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/pdfs\/mm6915e4-H.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/pdfs\/mm6915e4-H.pdf<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5845\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Spatial Correlation of Particulate Matter Pollution and Death Rate of COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis to examine spatial associations of daily PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations with COVID-19 death rate in China, finding that COVID-19 had higher death rates with increasing concentrations of either PM.\u00a0 This is consistent with past SARS research.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yao et al. (Apr 10, 2020). Spatial Correlation of Particulate Matter Pollution and Death Rate of COVID-19. Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20052142\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20052142<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-5857\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Further Evidence of a Possible Correlation Between the Severity of Covid-19 and BCG Immunization<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Based on the preliminary analysis of available evidence that supports possible correlation between BCG vaccination and severity of COVID-19 effects at a population level, the author concludes that effectiveness of BCG immunization may depend on the age of administration, with early age inoculation being more effective for lasting protection.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dolgikh (Apr 7, 2020). Further Evidence of a Possible Correlation Between the Severity of Covid-19 and BCG Immunization. Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20056994\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20056994<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5855\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 detection was compared in paired self-collected throat washings and nasopharyngeal swabs from 11 patients.\u00a0 The authors conclude that positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of nasopharyngeal swabs, and that throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive nature and reliability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guo et al. (Apr 9, 2020). Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa416\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa416<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5853\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Variation in False Negative Rate of RT-PCR Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors used previously published data on RT-PCR sensitivity of samples derived from nasal swabs to calculate the false negative rate by day since exposure and symptom onset.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The probability of a false negative test ranged from 100% on day one post exposure to 26% three days after onset symptoms.\u00a0 The authors conclude that in cases of high clinical suspicion, patients should not be ruled out on the bases of RT-PCR alone.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kucirka et al. (Apr 10, 2020). Variation in False Negative Rate of RT-PCR Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure.\u00a0 Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20051474\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.07.20051474<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5851\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Optimization of SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-QPCR without RNA extraction<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors evaluated a direct RT-QPCR method without RNA extraction and the influence of swab storage media on detection.\u00a0 Their SeeGene\u2019s assay provided similar efficiency to RealStar\u00ae.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors conclude that RNA extraction may not be necessary if samples are stored in UTM or molecular water; and also recommend that samples be stored in saline solution or Hanks medium.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Merindol et al. (Apr 10, 2020). Optimization of SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-QPCR without RNA extraction. Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.06.028902\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.06.028902<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-5869\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID 19 pneumonia<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors review CT images and clinical findings from 23 hospitalized pregnant COVID-19 patients (15 asymptomatic, 8 symptomatic).\u00a0 Clinical characteristics and radiological findings in pregnant women with COVID 19 were similar to those of non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and a correlation between clinical and radiological characteristics was observed in this study.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wu et al. (Apr 8, 2020). Radiological findings and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID 19 pneumonia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.13165\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.13165<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5867\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Early virus clearance and delayed antibody response in a case of COVID-19 with a history of co-infection with HIV-1 and HCV<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhao et al report on a COVID-19 case with HIV-1 and HCV co-infection.\u00a0 The case showed persistently negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests, but had a delayed antibody response in the plasma, highlighting the influence of HIV-1 induced immunosuppression on early SARS-CoV-2 clearance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhao et al. (Apr 9, 2020). Early virus clearance and delayed antibody response in a case of COVID-19 with a history of co-infection with HIV-1 and HCV.\u00a0 Clin Infect Dis. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa408\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa408<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5865\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This retrospective study of 113 patients identified risk factors of prolonged viral shedding in COVID-19 patients, including: male sex, delayed admission to hospital after illness onset, and invasive mechanical ventilation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xu et al. (Apr 9, 2020). Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa351\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa351<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5863\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in this retrospective cohort study of 124 patients in France.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted to intensive care (48%).\u00a0 The need for IMV was associated with male sex and increased BMI, and the odds ratio for IMV in severely obese patients was 7.36 when compared with normal-weight patients.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simonnet et al. (Apr 9, 2020). High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22831\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22831<\/span><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5861\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data from over 5,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases from 9 countries are analyzed to investigate a potential association between severe Vitamin D deficiency and age-specific case fatality.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study find that countries with lower Vitamin D levels had higher age-specific case fatality, suggesting that proper Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the number of severe COVID-19 cases by up to 15%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daneshkhah et al. (Apr 10, 2020). The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality. Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.08.20058578\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.08.20058578<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-5859\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in COVID-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fox et al report on relevant cardiopulmonary findings from the first series of autopsies in the US on patients who died from COVID-19.\u00a0 These cases identify key pathologic states potentially contributing to severe disease and decompensation in these patients.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fox et al. (Apr 10, 2020). Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in COVID-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans. Pre-print downloaded Apr 10 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.06.20050575\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.06.20050575<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-5871\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A cross-sectional survey of 630 U.S. adults living with at least one chronic condition evaluated COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. Those with low health literacy had greater confidence in the federal government response. Many adults with comorbid conditions lacked critical knowledge about COVID-19 and, despite concern, were not changing routines or plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wolf et al. (Apr 9, 2020). Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak. Annals Intern Med. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-1239\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-1239<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321195\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Gut (Mar 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Circulation AHA (Apr 9)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD Patients: Implications for COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Euro Respir J (Apr 10)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research continues on refining and improving current testing capabilities, and one study suggests that self-collected throat washings may present a better SARS-CoV-2 sampling method.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/04\/10\/awareness-attitudes-and-actions-related-to-covid-19-among-adults-with-chronic-conditions-at-the-onset-of-the-u-s-outbreak\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-5842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5842"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5874,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5842\/revisions\/5874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5842"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=5842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}