{"id":6702,"date":"2020-05-08T15:48:21","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T22:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=6702"},"modified":"2021-03-16T16:02:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T23:02:41","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-8-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/05\/08\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-8-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report May 8, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An analysis of smartphone\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">location\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">data and healthcare and economic indicators reveal<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a strong association between\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">greater<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">declines in\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mobility\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in counties that are healthier and<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0wealthier, indicating a social distancing privilege gap.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An observational study of 1,446 patients in New York City show<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that hydroxychloroquine use was not associated with risk of intubation or death.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of several s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">erological tests suggests<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that their pooled diagnostic accuracy\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0not<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0yet<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0optimal for large-scale prevalence surveys and that the<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ir use may<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0currently only\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">justified in hard-hit regions where prevalence is high.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Researchers from the\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">University of Washington (UW) and Stanford Health Care independently reported a similar frequency of discordant SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results (4.3% UW, 2.8% Stanford) among initially negative patients subjected to repeat testing. This suggests that false negative results at the time of initial presentation do occur, but potentially at a lower frequency than what is currently believed.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 can be present in the semen of male patients with COVID-19, including those who were recovering. Future studies are needed to\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">determine<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">if SARS-CoV-2 can be sexually transmitted.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6703\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Quantifying the Social Distancing Privilege Gap:\u00a0a\u00a0Longitudinal Study of Smartphone Movement<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using location data from more than 65 million mobile device traces, researchers explored associations between\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">declines in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mobility and various healthcare and economic indicators<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. They<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">observed strong linear gradients in privilege<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, such that c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ounties in the highest quintile of social distancing mobility restriction had 52%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">fewer\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">uninsured<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a047% more primary care providers, 29% more exercise space, 27%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">food insecurity, 26% less child poverty,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a017% higher incomes compared to least social distancing areas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Communities with higher<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0privilege before the pandemic\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">likely have more ability to practice<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">social distanc<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">wareness\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of these systemic constraints<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0should inform the next phase of interventions and allocations of resources to ensure equity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dasgupta<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (May 8, 2020). Quantifying the Social Distancing Privilege Gap<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Longitudinal Study of Smartphone Movement. Pre-print downloaded May 8 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20084624\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20084624<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6709\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Social Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality at the County Level<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This study used spatial autoregressive models to identify county-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">US. In all counties, population density was significantly associated with higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. In non-urban counties,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the proportion of the population<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0who\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">did\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">not speak English,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">proportion\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">engaged in farm work, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">proportion\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">living in poverty\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was positively associated with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0COVID-19 mortality<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">proportion of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">uninsured individuals\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was negatively associated with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0COVID-19 mortality. Mortality among the uninsured may be being systematically undercounted in county and national level surveillance.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fielding-Miller<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (May 8, 2020). Social Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality at the County Level. Pre-print downloaded May 8 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20089698\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20089698<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6707\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men\u00a0With\u00a0Coronavirus Disease 2019<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Li et al. tested semen samples from 38 patients with COVID-19 and detected SARS-CoV-2 from 6 patients (15.8%), including 4 of 15 patients (26.7%) who were at the acute stage of infection and 2 of 23 patients (8.7%) who were recovering.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Future studies are needed to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">determine<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">if SARS-CoV-2 can be sexually transmitted<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">whether\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">abstinence or condom use\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">should<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be considered as preventive\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">measures<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for these patients<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Li et al. (May 7, 2020). Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">With<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6705\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Viral Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic Carriers and\u00a0Presymptomatic\u00a0Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kim et al. included 71\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">participants with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">laboratory-confirmed\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized for treatment or isolation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and found\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3 were pre-symptomatic and 10 were entirely asymptomatic. Two of the three pre-symptomatic patients had\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">very high level<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">vir<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">us<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">present<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">during\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">incubation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0period (Ct value &lt;20).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The median\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">time until\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the first negative RT-PCR (Ct &gt;35) in the entirely asymptomatic carriers was 4.5 (range 2.5-9) days, and all asymptomatic carriers reached the first negative within 14 days after diagnosis. Patients who have COVID-19 may already be infectious before\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they exhibit\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ymptoms, and 14 days of isolation after diagnosis may be sufficient in entirely asymptomatic cases<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kim et al. (May 3, 2020). Viral Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic Carriers and\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Presymptomatic<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Patients. International Journal of Infectious Diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.083\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.083<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6717\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Detection of Low Levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Nasopharyngeal Swabs Using Three Commercial Molecular Assays<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lowe et al. compared the testing results of SARS-CoV-2 between<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">three commercial assays<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for SARS-CoV-2\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Xpert<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Xpress<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cobas<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lightmix<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Modular SARS<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0using 37 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs with low<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">er<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (30 with Ct value between 30-33.9, 22 with Ct \u226534, and 5 negative for SARS-CoV-2).\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The o<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">verall concordance was 86.5% (32\/37), including a 100% concordance for samples with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">moderate\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">viral concentrations (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ct\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">between\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">30<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">33.9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, but a discordance of 22.7% (5\/22) amongst samples with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower viral concentrations (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ct \u226534<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Testing of SARS-CoV-2 on the three commercial assays was comparable for NP swabs with moderate Ct values, while high Ct values were less concordant<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lowe et al. (Apr 28, 2020). Detection of Low Levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Nasopharyngeal Swabs Using Three Commercial Molecular Assays. Journal of Clinical Virology.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104387\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104387<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6715\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Occurrence and Timing of Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positivity Among Initially Negative Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Two independent research teams<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0University of Washington (UW) and Stanford Health Care reported\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">similar frequency of discordant SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results among initially negative patients subjected to repeat testing. Among 626 patients who were initially test-negative and re-tested within 7 days, repeat testing yielded a positive result in 3.5% of cases<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(4.3% UW, 2.8% Stanford)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The majority (96.5%) of patients with an initial negative result who warranted re-evaluation remained negative on subsequent tests performed within this window.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These observations suggest that false negative results at the time of initial presentation do occur, but potentially at a lower frequency than what is currently believed<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Long<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(May 8, 2020). Occurrence and Timing of Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positivity Among Initially Negative Patients. Pre-print downloaded May 8 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20089151\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20089151<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6713\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Geleris<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0et al.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">conducted an<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0observational study\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0among\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1,446 consecutive patients at a large medical center in New York City. During a median follow-up of 22.5 days, 5<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% received hydroxychloroquine either within 24 or 48 hours after presentation to the emergen<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cy department, and 25<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% experienced a primary\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">endpoint\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(either intubation or death). Those\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">who\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were treated with hydroxychloroquine were more severely ill at baseline than those were not.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There was<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0no association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.82-1.32). While the results do not support either benefit or harm from hydroxychloroquine, the authors\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">recognize\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the limitations of the observational design and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">emphasize the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">need for\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">randomized trial evidence<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Geleris<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al. (May 7, 2020). Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6711\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Public Health Implications<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of several serological tests (commercial ELISA or CMIA\/CLIA assays and in-house tests) to assess their real-world performance under scenarios of varying proportion of infected individuals found high specificity (pooled estimates of 98% for IgM and 99% for both IgG and total antibodies) but<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">an unsatisfactory pooled sensitivity of 82-85%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even with high specificity, the data suggest that serological tests for large-scale prevalence surveys may only be justifiable in hard-hit areas where the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">positive predictive value of a positive test\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">would be acceptable, and that they should be used with caution elsewhere.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Caini<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al. (May 8, 2020). Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Public Health Implications. Pre-print downloaded May 8 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20084160\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.03.20084160<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6719\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">T Cell Subset Counts in Peripheral Blood Can Be Used as Discriminatory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Severity Prediction of COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hospitalized for<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=103),\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">compared<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">healthy controls (n=13),\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">there were<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0slight\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CD4+T cells<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0counts<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0but a severe\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0CD8+T cell<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0counts\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in COVID-19 patients.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19 patients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with severe disease\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">showed significant decreases in T cell subset counts compared to mild-to-moderate patients. This suggests that T cell subset counts, particularly e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">levated CD4\/CD8 ratios could\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">potentially\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">used as discriminatory biomarkers for diagnosis and severity prediction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Jiang et al. (May 7, 2020). T Cell Subset Counts in Peripheral Blood Can Be Used as Discriminatory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Sever<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">ity Prediction of COVID-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journal of Infectious Diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa252\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa252<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW77639591 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW77639591 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6721\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Quantitative Estimation of Covid-19 Related Unemployment\u00a0On\u00a0Suicide and Excess Mortality in the United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bhatia<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">estimates<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0impacts of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">unemployment in the US during the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pandemic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">on suicide and all-cause mortality<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0by extrapolating from a study of unemployment and suicide rate during the 2007<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2010 Great Recession and a meta-analysis of 40 studies evaluating the relationship between unemployment and all-cause mortality<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">predict<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a07,444 excess deaths from suicide in the coming year and 556,000 avoidable deaths from all causes over the next 10 years<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0due to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">unemployment<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ecision<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">makers can incorporate indirect health impacts in constructing policies to strike a balance between the benefits and costs of mitigation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bhatia. (May 8, 2020). Quantitative Estimation of Covid-19 Related Unemployment\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">On<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Suicide and Excess Mortality in the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print downloaded May 8 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.02.20089086\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.02.20089086<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modelling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6723\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Estimating\u00a0The\u00a0Infection Fatality Rate Among Symptomatic COVID-19 Cases In The United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Basu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0et a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">l. fit a statistical model to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0COVID-19 case fatality rates over time in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">116 US counties<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and estimated the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ymptomatic\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nfection\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">atality\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">r<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ate among symptomatic cases (IFR-S) to be 1.3% (95% CI 0.6-2.1%)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stimates by county varied<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0from<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a00.5% to 3.6% (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">estimated\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">IFR-S for seasonal flu is 0.1%).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The author acknowledge<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the cons<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ervative nature of the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">estimate and that the overall IFR would be lower, since cases that recover without symptoms are not accounted for in their model.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Basu<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (May 7, 2020). Estimating\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Infection Fatality Rate Among Symptomatic COVID-19 Cases In The United States. Health Affairs (Project Hope).\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00455\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00455<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6725\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24-April 21, 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The CDC COVID-19 response team reports on factors associated with spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the US.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The first confirmed COVID-19 case in the U<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0was reported on January 21, 2020. The outbreak appeared contained through February, and then accelerated rapidly<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in March<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">F<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">actors contribut<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to accelerated spread\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">includ<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0continued travel-associated importations, large gatherings, introductions into high-risk workplaces and densely populated areas, and cryptic transmission resulting from limited testing and asymptomatic and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pre-symptomatic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0spread.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Factors that amplified the March acceleration\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s well as<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0mitigation strategies that were implemented can inform public health decisions as\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prepar<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for potential re-emergences.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Schuchat<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (May 8, 2020). Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24-April 21, 2020.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0MMWR<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6918e2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6918e2<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/medline\/citation\/32377694\/Towards_effective_COVID%E2%80%9119_vaccines:_Updates,_perspectives_and_challenges_(Review).\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Towards Effective COVID<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u2011<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">19 Vaccines: Updates, Perspectives and Challenges (Review)<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0International Journal of Molecular Medicine (May 6)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.07919\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Shared Ventilation in the Era of COVID-19: A Theoretical Consideration of the Dangers and Potential Solutions<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Respiratory Care<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(May 1)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jcp.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2020\/05\/06\/jclinpath-2020-206658.full\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gene of the Month: The 2019-NCoV\/SARS-CoV-2 Novel Coronavirus Spike Protein<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Clinical Pathology (May 6<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2312-y\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in HACE2 Transgenic Mice<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Nature (May 7)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An analysis of smartphone location data and healthcare and economic indicators reveals a strong association between greater declines in mobility in counties that are healthier and wealthier, indicating a social distancing privilege gap. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/05\/08\/public-health-response-to-the-initiation-and-spread-of-pandemic-covid-19-in-the-united-states-february-24-april-21-2020\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-6702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6728,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6702\/revisions\/6728"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6702"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=6702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}