{"id":6856,"date":"2020-05-15T17:28:12","date_gmt":"2020-05-16T00:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=6856"},"modified":"2021-03-17T17:41:43","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T00:41:43","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-15-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/05\/15\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-15-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report May 15, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Models show that e<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ven the most efficient contact tracing strategies\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are not suffic<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ient\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">bringing the\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">effective reproduction number\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to below 1 if there are<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0testing delay<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s short as<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4 days<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. A<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pp-based contact tracing<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, even with\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">coverage<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as low as 20%<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">may be\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">superior to conventional contact tracing<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Combining g<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">overnment-imposed social distancing measures<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0could reduce the daily growth rate by 9.1% after 16-20<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0since<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0implementation<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In a community-based study, saliva-based testing was found to be 15% less sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Authors in the UK have developed and applied a real-time genomic surveillance approach to detect hospital clusters of COVID-19<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that can\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inform infection control practices\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">From March 11-May 2, 2020,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">there was an\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">estimated excess of 24,172 deaths in New York City, above\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">what would be\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">expected based on past years and seasonal trends. Of these,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">18,879 (78%) were confirmed or probable COVID-19 associated, leaving\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5,923<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(22%)<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0deaths\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">might have been directly or indirectly attributable to the pandemic<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6857\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Strong Social Distancing Measures\u00a0In\u00a0The\u00a0United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"37\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Researchers evaluated the impact of four government-imposed social distancing measures, including public school closures, bans on large social gatherings, closures of entertainment-related businesses, and shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs) on the spread of COVID-19 across US counties<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. They\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ir<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0combined adoption reduced the daily growth rate by 9.1% after 16-20 days<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">implementation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"37\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">considered\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">separately, each measure was associated<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0with a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reduction\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the daily growth rate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0but school closures and social gathering bans did not have a significant effect, suggesting that these policies may displace<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rather than reduce<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0social interaction<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Courtemanche et al. (May 14, 2020). Strong Social Distancing Measures\u00a0In\u00a0The\u00a0United States Reduced The COVID-19 Growth Rate.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Health Affairs<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00608\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00608<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6859\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Estimating the Extent of True Asymptomatic COVID-19 and Its Potential for Community Transmission Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A systematic review that included 5 articles from three countries (China, USA, and Italy) report<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pooled estimate of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the proportion of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">asymptomatic cases\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to be<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a016% (95% CI: 12%-20%). While the findings are lower than many highly publicized studies, the sampling frame for the US-based studies\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">only included residents, healthcare personnel, and visitors of long-term care facilities and may not\u00a0be a reflection of\u00a0the true role of asymptomatic cases in the US.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Byambasuren<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">May 15,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Estimating the Extent of True Asymptomatic COVID-19 and Its Potential for Community Transmission Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Preprint\u00a0downloaded May 15 from<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.10.20097543<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6863\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Rapid Implementation of Real-Time SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing to Investigate Healthcare-Associated COVID-19 Infections<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using a sequencing method with a sample-to-sequence delay of less than 24 hours, paired with a reporting system\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0integrates these genomic data with epidemiological data,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Meredith et al.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">identified\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">both hospital and community clusters<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0among patients from a UK hospital<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0In addition to detecting cryptic transmission events, t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">his real-time genomic surveillance approach was used to inform infection control and patient safety\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">practices.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Meredith et al. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">May 15,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Rapid Implementation of Real-Time SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing to Investigate Healthcare-Associated COVID-19 Infections.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print\u00a0downloaded May 15 from<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.20095687\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.08.20095687<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6861\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Saliva Is Less Sensitive than Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Detection in\u00a0the Community\u00a0Setting<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Saliva-based testing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, compared to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS),<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0was found to be 15%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">less sensitive in a community-based diagnostic setting (N=88)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and 50%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">less sensitive in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">convalescent<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0cohort<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(&gt;8 and &lt;21 days from first symptoms; N=24).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the community-based diagnostic setting<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">aliva samples were randomized to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0two<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0collection tube type<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(OM-505 and OGD-610) with different proprietary nucleic acid stabilization solutions,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0testing\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">completed at\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Helix,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a high-complexity CLIA laboratory<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NPS samples were tested using the CDC COVID-19 assay at the Nevada State Public Health Laboratory.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">convalescent cohort,\u00a0previously-diagnosed\u00a0patients were recalled for paired NPS and saliva collection, using the OG-610 kit; both tests were conducted at Helix.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Becker et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">May 15,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Saliva Is Less Sensitive than Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Detection in\u00a0the Community\u00a0Setting.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print\u00a0downloaded May 1<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">5<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0from<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.11.20092338\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.11.20092338<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6869\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Though previous studies have shown that children are at lower risk of developing severe illness compared to adults, the incidence of critical illness among children with COVID-19 is still not well\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">known.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chao et al.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0observed 46 COVID-19 positive children (median age = 13.1) hospitalized in New York, and report that 28% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(PICU)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, which is a higher\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">proportion<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of severe disease requiring PICU admission<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0than previously recognized<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chao et al. (May<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a06,<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a02020). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City. The Journal of Pediatrics.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.006\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.006<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6867\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Hypoalbuminemia Predicts the Outcome of COVID\u201019 Independent of Age and Co\u2010morbidity<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This retrospective cohort study found a considerable difference in albumin levels between survivors and non-survivors<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of COVID-19. R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">esults also showed that hypoalbuminemia was a predictive factor for mortality (OR = 6.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4, 95%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">CI: 1.3, 31.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Huang et al. (May 14, 2020). Hypoalbuminemia Predicts the Outcome of COVID\u201019 Independent of Age and Co\u2010morbidity. Journal of Medical Virology.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26003\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26003<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6865\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Combination of Four Clinical Indicators Predicts the Severe\/Critical Symptom of Patients Infected COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Using data on all 336 cases of COVID-19 in Shanghai<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, China<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0through March 12, as well as 220 clinical and laboratory records,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sun et al.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0built a risk prediction model for discriminating\u00a0severe\/critical illness. Thirty-six clinical indicators were found to be significantly associated with severe\/critical symptoms. The AUC for the final model (Support Vector Machine) for discriminating\u00a0severe\/critical cases from mild cases was 0.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">98\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the test set.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sun et al. (May\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">13,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Combination of Four Clinical Indicators Predicts the Severe\/Critical Symptom of Patients Infected COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Virolog<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">y<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104431\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104431<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modelling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6871\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Time Is of the Essence Impact of Delays on Effectiveness of Contact Tracing for COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Researchers modeled the impact of delays in contact tracing strategies (CTS) and found that testing delay (time between onset of symptoms to testing and diagnosis) could seriously attenuate any contact tracing efforts. A testing delay of 3 days would require contacts to be traced within 1 day and with 80% coverage to keep\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">effective reproduction number\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0below 1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0testing delay of 4 days would prevent the R from going below\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0even with the most efficient CTS (0 tracing delay, 100% coverage).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The findings also highlight the effectivene<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ss of app-based contact tracing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and estimates\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">indicate\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that even with only 20% coverage, it is superior to conventional contact tracing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This model assumes a baseline R of 1.2, no transmission in healthcare settings, and that all index cases and contacts no longer transmit the virus.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kretzschmar<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0et al<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">May 15,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Time Is of the Essence Impact of Delays on Effectiveness of Contact Tracing for COVID-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Preprint\u00a0downloaded May 15 from<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.09.20096289\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.05.09.20096289<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6875\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities &#8211; United States, February-April 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">During April 22\u201328, 2020, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases were reported to CDC by 37 of 54 state and territorial health department jurisdictions. Among these,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">86% reported at least one laboratory confirmed case<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0from a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">total of 420 correctional and detention facilities<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">here were 4,983 infections and 88 deaths among incarcerated or detained persons, and 2,778 infections and 15 deaths among facility staff members.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Wallace et al. (May\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">15,<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a02020). COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities &#8211; United States, February-April 2020. MMWR<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e1<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6873\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Outbreak &#8211; New York City, March 11-May 2, 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"36\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Applying a seasonal periodic model (as used for monitoring seasonal influenza) to estimate expected deaths,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Olson et al.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0found that 24,172 out of\u00a032,107\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">75%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">deaths in New York<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0City from March 11-May 2, 2020<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0were in excess\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of what would have been expected<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Of these<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a024,172 deaths,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">13,831<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">57%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">associated<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and 5,048\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(21%)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">probable<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0COVID-associated<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The remaining<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a05,923\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(22%)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">excess deaths may be directly or indirectly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Olson et al. (May 15, 2020). Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Outbreak &#8211; New York City, March 11-May 2, 2020. MMWR.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30238-2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A wake-up call: COVID-19 and its impact on children\u2019s health and wellbeing<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lancet Global Health (May 12)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-01248-1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Whose coronavirus strategy worked best? Scientists hunt most effective policies<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Nature (April 27)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.05.005\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy (May 7)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16562\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19 in the long-term care setting: the CMS perspective<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (May 13)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration \u2014 United States, 2020<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013 MMWR (May 15)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2342-5\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Nature (May 14)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2334-5\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Nature (May 14)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2020.29005.com\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why Aren\u2019t People Living with HIV at Higher Risk for Developing Severe\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">AIDS Patient Care and STDs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(May\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">14<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Models show that even the most efficient contact tracing strategies are not sufficient to bringing the effective reproduction number (R) to below 1 if there are testing delays as short as 4 days. App-based contact tracing, even with coverage as low as 20%, may be superior to conventional contact tracing. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/05\/15\/preliminary-estimate-of-excess-mortality-during-the-covid-19-outbreak-new-york-city-march-11-may-2-2020\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-6856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6856"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6878,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6856\/revisions\/6878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6856"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=6856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}