{"id":6879,"date":"2021-03-17T11:28:30","date_gmt":"2021-03-17T18:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=6879"},"modified":"2021-03-18T12:34:06","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T19:34:06","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-17-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/03\/17\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-17-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report March 17, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 396 articles (352 published, 44 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/LitRep_20210317.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Two doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca (<\/b><b>ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate COVID-19 due to infection with the B.1.351 variant in a<\/b><b> randomized trial in<\/b><b> South Africa. The trial population did not experience enough severe disease for an analysis of vaccine efficacy against severe disease.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102214\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant in the UK was associated with a 55% higher risk of death compared to previous strains. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03426-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>A SARS-CoV-2 testing program at the University of Washington identified SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks linked to fraternities and sororities without evidence of spread to the surrounding community.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.15.21253227\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The incidence of COVID-19 was low in students and staff in primary schools in the UK following partial and full reopening during the summer term and through December 2020, with only 6% of students and 5% of staff seroconverting during the surveillance period.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanchi\/article\/PIIS2352-4642(21)00061-4\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6880\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">An Integrated Analysis of Contact Tracing and Genomics to Assess the Efficacy of Travel Restrictions on SARS-CoV-2 Introduction and Transmission in England from June to September 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A study of the genomic epidemiology of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 determined that 51% of imported cases in England were related to travel to one of three countries: Greece (21%), Croatia (16%), and Spain (14%). 4,207 cases were of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 were identified by contact tracing and defined as those that had travelled within 2 days of symptom onset. Cases had an overall median of 3 close contacts, and the median number of close contacts was largest for those aged 16-20. Implementation of travel reductions was associated with a 40% lower rate of contacts, and fewer genomically-linked cases were identified for index cases who traveled to countries for which there were travel restrictions compared to those for which there were none (RR = 0.17).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aggarwal et al.\u00a0(Mar 17, 2021). An Integrated Analysis of Contact Tracing and Genomics to Assess the Efficacy of Travel Restrictions on SARS-CoV-2 Introduction and Transmission in England from June to September 2020. Pre-print downloaded Mar 17 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.15.21253590\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.15.21253590<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6886\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Spread of a Variant SARS-CoV-2 in Long-Term Care Facilities in England<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples that had an S gene target failure (suggestive of the B.1.1.7 strain) rose dramatically in late 2020 in the UK. The number and proportion of samples with S gene target failure increased from 12% to 60% between November 16 and December 13. By December 7, in South East England 57% of samples from adults under the age of 65 and 76% of those obtained from those over age 65 had\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0gene target failure. Sequencing data were only available from two samples with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0gene target failure from long-term care facilities, both of which were found to be B.1.1.7.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krutikov et al.\u00a0(Mar 16, 2021). Spread of a Variant SARS-CoV-2 in Long-Term Care Facilities in England. New England Journal of Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2035906\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2035906<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6884\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A SARS-CoV-2 testing program at the University of Washington found that SARS-CoV-2 spread through school-based outbreaks without evidence of spread to the surrounding community. The testing program, which prioritized individuals with symptoms and high-risk exposure, identified 236 cases out of 16,476 tests conducted in the fall of 2020. Affiliation with a university fraternity or sorority was the strongest risk factor associated with testing positive. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">52 out of 59 viral genomes sequenced from students affiliated with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fraternity\/sorority <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">community were genetically identical to at least one other genome detected, compared to 11 out of 29 genomes from non-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">fraternity\/sorority <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-affiliated students and employees.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Most (75%) cases reported at least one of the following: experiencing SARS-CoV-2 symptoms (61%), exposure to a case (35%), or engaging in high-risk behaviors (22%).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weil et al.\u00a0(Mar 17, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State. Pre-print downloaded Mar 17 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.15.21253227\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.15.21253227<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6882\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Transmission in Primary Schools in England in June-December, 2020 (SKIDs): An Active, Prospective Surveillance Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Results from the COVID-19 surveillance in School KIDSs (sKIDs) study of primary school children in England indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in primary schools were low following partial and full reopening. During the summer half-term (that began in June 2020), weekly infection rates were 4.1 per 100,000 students and 12.5 per 100,000 staff. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seropositivity for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with school attendance during lockdown or staff contact with students. At the end of the summer term, five participants (four students, one staff member) seroconverted (out of approximately 12,000 participants).\u00a0By December, 55 (5%) of 1,085 participants who were seronegative at recruitment had seroconverted, including 19 (6%) of 340 students and 36 (5%) of 745 staff members.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ladhani et al.\u00a0(Mar 17, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Transmission in Primary Schools in England in June-December, 2020 (SKIDs): An Active, Prospective Surveillance Study. The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanchi\/article\/PIIS2352-4642(21)00061-4\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanchi\/article\/PIIS2352-4642(21)00061-4\/fulltext<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Testing and Treatment<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6892\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Real-World Experience of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assays in UK Healthcare Workers<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among health care workers in the UK, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Abbott and Roche antibody assays showed low sensitivity for detecting individuals with previous PCR-confirmed infection. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a cohort study conducted at 2 medical centers in the UK, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the Abbott antibody assay had a sensitivity (proportion with a positive antibody test result in those with previous PCR-confirmed infection) of 40% and the Roche assay had a sensitivity of 81%.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Antibody seroprevalence was <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8% in the cohort tested with the Abbott assay and 13% for the cohort tested with the Roche assay. Testing was conducted ~60-90 days after infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Robinson et al.\u00a0(Mar 16, 2021). Real-World Experience of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assays in UK Healthcare Workers. Clinical Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020.1007\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2020.1007<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6890\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 Antigen Performed at Point-of-Care Has a High Sensitivity in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients With Higher Risk for Transmission and Older Age<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Performance of the nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 antigen (Ag) test was highly dependent on the cycle threshold (Ct) value. The Panbio test showed high sensitivity among older, symptomatic patients with a cycle threshold (Ct) value below 30 (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">indicating higher viral load<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). The positive percent agreement (PPA) relative to RT-PCR of 94% for Ct at \u226425 and 80% for Ct \u226430. Among patients who were symptomatic, the PPA was 95% for Ct \u226425, 85% for Ct \u226430, and 89% for symptoms of fever, cough, and malaise. In asymptomatic patients, the PPA was 86% for Ct \u226425.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Masi\u00e1 et al.\u00a0(Feb 2, 2021). Nasopharyngeal Panbio COVID-19 Antigen Performed at Point-of-Care Has a High Sensitivity in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients With Higher Risk for Transmission and Older Age. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab059\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab059<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6888\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Evaluation of Roche SD Biosensor Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 in Municipal Health Service Testing Site, the Netherlands<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Evaluation of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roche SD Biosensor rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic outpatients demonstrated that test sensitivity was 84.9% and specificity was 99.5%. Around 98% of samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) below 30 (indicating higher viral load) were detected. Test sensitivity was higher (95.8%) among people who sought care within 7 days of experiencing symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Igl\u00f3i et al.\u00a0(Mar 16, 2021). Clinical Evaluation of Roche SD Biosensor Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 in Municipal Health Service Testing Site, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/5\/20-4688_article\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/5\/20-4688_article<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6898\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Social Vulnerability \u2014 United States, December 14, 2020\u2013March 1, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Counties with high social vulnerability had lower first-dose vaccination coverage (14%) compared to those with low social vulnerability (16%) during the first 2.5 months of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program in the US (December 15, 2020 \u2013 March 1, 2021). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vaccination coverage was lower in low vulnerability counties compared to high vulnerability counties among those aged \u226565 years (2.3 percentage points lower), those living in multiunit housing (1.3 percentage points lower), and among households with no vehicle (0.7 percentage points lower).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hughes et al.\u00a0(Mar 17, 2021). County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Social Vulnerability \u2014 United States, December 14, 2020\u2013March 1, 2021. MMWR. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7012e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7012e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6896\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Associations of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness with Patient Age and Comorbidities<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> gradually increased starting at 12 days after the first vaccine dose and then plateaued around 35 days, according to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an analysis of electronic health records from 1.79 million individuals in Israel<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This period of maximum effectiveness corresponds to a period 2-weeks after the scheduled administration of the second dose and resulted in 91.2% efficacy for prevention of all infections and 99.3% for prevention of symptomatic infections. Effectiveness declined with age and for patients with type 2 diabetes and effectiveness was the same for men and women.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yelin et al.\u00a0(Mar 17, 2021). Associations of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness with Patient Age and Comorbidities. Pre-print downloaded Mar 17 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.16.21253686\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.16.21253686<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-6894\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate COVID-19 among people infected with the B.1.351 variant in a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">multicenter randomized trial <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in South Africa. Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 developed in 23 of 717 placebo recipients (3.2%) and in 19 of 750 vaccine recipients (2.5%), for an efficacy of 21.9%. Among the 42 participants who developed COVID-19, 39 (92.9%) were infected with the B.1.351 variant. Vaccine efficacy against this variant, analyzed as a secondary end point, was 10.4%. The authors note that the demographic profile of enrolled participants contributed to the lack of severe COVID-19, and therefore trial results are inconclusive regarding the vaccine\u2019s potential to protect against severe disease. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[EDITORIAL NOTE: A pre-print related to this manuscript was summarized on February 12, 2020]<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Madhi et al.\u00a0(Mar 16, 2021). Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant. New England Journal of Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102214\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102214<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6900\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Nursing Home Characteristics Associated With Resident COVID-19 Morbidity in Communities With High Infection Rates<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study of residents of nursing homes (NHs) in communities with high SARS-CoV-2 infection rates found that NHs with more COVID-19 cases have residents who were older and had higher activities of daily living scores. Additionally, higher incidence NHs had a lower proportion of white residents and a higher proportion of residents who were insured by Medicaid. High incidence NHs had lower occupancy rates and fewer direct care hours per patient per day.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chen et al.\u00a0(Mar 16, 2021). Nursing Home Characteristics Associated With Resident COVID-19 Morbidity in Communities With High Infection Rates. JAMA Network Open. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.1555\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.1555<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6902\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Modeling Study to Inform Screening and Testing Interventions for the Control of SARS-CoV-2 on University Campuses<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A model developed for COVID mitigation upon the return of students to school at Emory University concluded that screening at least weekly would be required to ensure substantial case reductions. According to a \u201csusceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered\u201d (SEIR) model, monthly and weekly screening among the approximately 30,000 students could reduce SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence (CI) by 59% and 87%, respectively. Smaller reductions in CI were estimated among staff and faculty.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lopman et al.\u00a0(Mar 15, 2021). A Modeling Study to Inform Screening and Testing Interventions for the Control of SARS-CoV-2 on University Campuses. Scientific Reports. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85252-z\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85252-z<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-6904\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Increased Mortality in Community-Tested Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The risk of death associated with the presence of the B.1.1.7 variant was 55% higher than previous strains, according to an analysis from the UK. The authors used S gene target failure (SGTF) to define B.1.1.7 and performed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 community tests (n=2,245,263 positive results) and COVID-19 deaths (n=17,452) in England from September 1, 2020 to February 14, 2021. After adjusting for several factors including age, sex, and care home residence, the risk death associated with SGTF was 55% higher than for non-B.1.1.7 variants. When the authors corrected for SGTF misclassification or missingness, the estimated risk of death was 61% higher among those with B.1.1.7.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [EDITORIAL NOTE: A pre-print related to this manuscript was summarized on February 4, 2020]<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Davies et al.\u00a0(Mar 15, 2021). Increased Mortality in Community-Tested Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7. Nature. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03426-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03426-1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-021-00487-z\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 Vaccine Guidance for Patients with Cancer Participating in Oncology Clinical Trials<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005347\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 Vaccines Pricing Policy Options for Low-Income and Middle- Income Countries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ Global Health (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01265-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tracking the Emergence of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants in South Africa<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Medicine (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01272-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hindsight Is 2020? Lessons in Global Health Governance One Year into the Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Medicine (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100780\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Correcting COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 EClinicalMedicine (Mar)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n728\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covid-19: WHO Says Rollout of AstraZeneca Vaccine Should Continue, as Europe Divides over Safety<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00061-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Zimbabwe Shows Dominance of Variants of Concern<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Microbe (Mar 10)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08903344211004443\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Breastfeeding and COVID-19 Vaccine: Yes We Can<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Human Lactation (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01282-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Developing Therapeutic Approaches for Twenty-First-Century Emerging Infectious Viral Diseases<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Medicine (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eahr.500088\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Human Infection Challenge Experiments: Then and Now<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Ethics &amp; Human Research (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13544\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Response to: COVID-19 Re-infection. Vaccinated Individuals as a Potential Source of Transmission<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 European Journal of Clinical Investigation (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81873-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Countrywide Population Movement Monitoring Using Mobile Devices Generated (Big) Data during the COVID-19 Crisis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Scientific Reports (Mar 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab061\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Establishment of Monoclonal Antibody Standards for Quantitative Serological Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Low-Incidence Settings<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Feb 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/27232\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tracing the Tracers \u2013 Exploring Essential Attributes to Assess Nationally Issued COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: An Open Source Intelligence Approach<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JMIR MHealth and UHealth (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.1046\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2020 Revealed How Poorly the US Was Prepared for COVID-19\u2014and Future Pandemics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Mar 16)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.03.015\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prioritization of Pregnant Individuals in State Plans for COVID-19 Vaccination<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Mar 10)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.1552\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the US Adult Asymptomatic Population as of September 30, 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA Network Open (Mar 16)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate COVID-19 due to infection with the B.1.351 variant in a randomized trial in South Africa. The trial population did not experience enough severe disease for an analysis of vaccine efficacy against severe disease.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/03\/17\/increased-mortality-in-community-tested-cases-of-sars-cov-2-lineage-b-1-1-7\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6906,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-6879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6908,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6879\/revisions\/6908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6879"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=6879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}