{"id":7821,"date":"2020-06-26T13:11:22","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T20:11:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=7821"},"modified":"2021-03-26T13:23:42","modified_gmt":"2021-03-26T20:23:42","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-june-26-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/06\/26\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-june-26-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report June 26, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on the experience of 4 European countries, there is some evidence that\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">school closures\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">led to declines<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">epidemic growth rates<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of COVID-19.\u00a0Reopening\u00a0of schools for all students in countries with\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">low community transmission\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(Denmark and Norway)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">not resulted in a significant increase in the growth rate<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of COVID-19 cases.\u00a0Return\u00a0of most students to school in countries with\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">higher levels of community transmission<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(German<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) has been accompanied by\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">increased transmission among students<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, but not school staff.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20139634\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pooled testing\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for SARS-CoV2 that combines samples from\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">individuals\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">markedly increases throughput without appreciable loss\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sensitivity<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.009\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A Cochrane review that included 38\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">different\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests determined that sensitivity was low in the first week following symptom onset (31%) and peaked at 91.5% in the third week.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013652\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A\u00a0commercially-available\u00a0rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 was found to have a much lower sensitivity than viral culture or PCR<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104500\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UV-C light administered at 30 second cycles was found to decontaminate airport security bins for both\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">methicillin-resistant\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(MRSA)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20411\/pai.v5i1.373\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7823\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Shut and Re-Open the Role of Schools in the Spread of COVID-19 in Europe<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stage et al. compared daily hospitalization trends in northern European\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">countries<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and German<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and found that the growth rate\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of COVID-19 cases\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">decline<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0approximately 9 days after implementation of school closures.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">imited school attendance\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">did\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">not appear to significantly affect transmission<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reopening\u00a0of schools for all students in countries with low community transmission (Denmark and Norway) has not resulted in a significant increase in the growth rate of COVID-19 cases.\u00a0Return\u00a0of most students to school in countries with higher levels of community transmission (German<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">y<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) has been accompanied by increased transmission among students, but not school staff.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Stage et al. (June 26, 2020). Shut and Re-Open the Role of Schools in the Spread of COVID-19 in Europe.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print downloaded June\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">26<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0from<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20139634\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20139634<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7833\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical\u00a0And\u00a0Analytical Performance\u00a0Of\u00a0An\u00a0Automated Serological Test That Identifies S1\/S2 Neutralizing IgG\u00a0In\u00a0COVID-19 Patients\u00a0Semiquantitatively.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bonelli et al. found\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1\/S2 IgG\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">antibody\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">assay, a semi<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">quantitative antibody test<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has a throughput of 170 tests\/hour with the first tests available within 35 minutes<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 97%-98.5%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for samples collected 15 or more days after diagnosis<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bonelli et al. (June\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">24,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Clinical\u00a0And\u00a0Analytical Performance\u00a0Of\u00a0An\u00a0Automated Serological Test That Identifies S1\/S2 Neutralizing IgG\u00a0In\u00a0COVID-19 Patients\u00a0Semiquantitatively. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01224-20\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01224-20<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7831\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Large-Scale Implementation of Pooled RNA Extraction and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ben-Ami et al.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0found that pooled testing, using a strategy known as Dorfman pooling in batches of 8 samples, retained the sensitivity of individual testing. They then applied this strategy to 26,576 clinical\u00a0samples, and\u00a0demonstrated a 7.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">fold increase in throughput.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All pools with positive samples were found to be positive, all pools with negative samples were negative, and 4 out of 5 pools containing a single indeterminate sample were labeled as indeterminate. Pools containing only 1-2 positive samples, each with a low amount of SARS-CoV-2, resulted in similar quantitative results to individual samples.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ben-Ami et al. (June\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">22,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Large-Scale Implementation of Pooled RNA Extraction and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Detection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.009\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.06.009<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7829\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Antibody Tests for Identification of Current and Past Infection with SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A literature review and meta-analysis (n=57 studies; 15,976 samples) compared 25 commercial antibody tests and numerous in-house assays. Pooled results across the 38 studies, stratified by time since symptom onset, found sensitivity was low during the first week (less than 30.1% across IgG, IgM, IgA, IgM\/IgG, and total antibodies) and peaked in the third week (91.5%; 95%CI 87%, 94.4%). Specificity was high (&gt;98%) during all time periods. Based on these estimates, the authors estimate positive and negative predictive values across three settings: 50% prevalence (healthcare workers reporting a history of respiratory symptoms), 20% prevalence (surveys in high-risk settings), and 5% prevalence (national surveys).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Deeks\u00a0et al. (June\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">25,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Antibody Tests for Identification of Current and Past Infection with SARS-CoV-2. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013652\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013652<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7827\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Evaluation of\u00a0Rapid\u00a0Antigen Test for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mak et al. found\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the rapid BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">test<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2 antigen<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, which can provide results within 30 minutes and without specialized equipment, had a markedly lower sensitivity than viral culture or\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">RT<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-PCR<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(29<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a08<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0compared to RT-PCR positive samples)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These results indicate that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">testing of patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection with antigen-based assay may produce more false negative results in clinical practice<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0compared to RT-PCR testing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mak et al. (June<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a08,<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a02020). Evaluation of\u00a0Rapid\u00a0Antigen Test for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Journal of Clinical\u00a0Virology\u202f<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104500\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104500<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7825\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among people living with HIV, those who were one an anti-retroviral therapy (ART) regimen that included the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">medications<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0tenofovir disoproxil fum<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">arate (TDF)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">emtricitabine (FTC) had\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower risk\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for COVID-19 and related hospitalization<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0compared to HIV-infected individuals on other ART regimens.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">del Amo et al. (Jun<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">e 26, 2020). Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-3689\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-3689<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7837\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Contact Tracing Evaluation for COVID-19 Transmission during the Reopening Phase in a Rural College Town<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Moon and Scoglio built an individual-based contact network model and a compartmental transmission model for COVID-19. They coupled these models to assess the effectiveness of contact tracing for COVID-19 control under four different re-opening strategies ranging from 0% to 75%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of contacts traced<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. They found tracing 20% of contacts is enough to reduce the epidemic size by half under all strategies, and that above a threshold, increasing effectiveness of contact tracing results in a smaller number of quarantined individuals due to a reduced number of confirmed cases.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Moon and Scoglio. (June 26, 2020). Contact Tracing Evaluation for COVID-19 Transmission during the Reopening Phase in a Rural College Town.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Pre-print downloaded June 26 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20139204\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20139204<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7835\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Impact of Lockdown\u00a0on\u00a0the Epidemic Dynamics of COVID-19 in France<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Roques et al. modeled the COVID-19 epidemic in\u00a0France, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">estimated that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lockdown reduced the effective reproductive number by a factor of 7 (R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0= 0.47, 95%CI 0.45, 0.50), and that only 3.7%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of the population\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(95%CI 3.0%, 4.8%) would be infected by the beginning of May, far below the herd immunity threshold.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Roques et al. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">June 5,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Impact of Lockdown\u00a0on\u00a0the Epidemic Dynamics of COVID-19 in France. Frontiers in Medicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00274\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00274<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7841\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UV-C light administered at 10-, 20-, or 30-second cycles\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from one inch above<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a plastic airport security bin reduced contamination\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">both\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">methicillin-resistant\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">MRSA<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">multiple viruses used as\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">surrogate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2. The 30 second cycle\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">met<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0criteria for decontamination for both organisms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cadnum\u00a0et al. (<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">May 22,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens &amp; Immunity.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20411\/pai.v5i1.373\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20411\/pai.v5i1.373<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7839\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Influenza Vaccination and COVID19 Mortality in the USA<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A county-level analysis found an inverse association between influenza vaccination rates among people\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">age\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">65 or older and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mortality rate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in the US<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u03b2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">values<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0-3.29 to -5.65 depending on approach to adjustment)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. This<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0effect persisted after adjustment for\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">potential<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0confounders\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">related to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">demographic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, clinical, and environmental<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0characteristics<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and was robust to several sensitivity analyses.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Zanettini et al. (June 26, 2020). Influenza Vaccination and COVID19 Mortality in the USA.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print downloaded June 26 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20129817\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.24.20129817<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa855\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Asymptomatic Transmission and the Infection Fatality Risk for COVID-19: Implications for School Reopening<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Clinical Infectious Diseases (June 25)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000611\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">School-Based Health Centers during Academic Disruption: Challenges and Opportunity in Urban Mental Health<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Psychological Trauma (June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">25<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.11461\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The State of Health Care Quality Measurement in the Era of COVID-<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">19 \u2013 JAMA (June 25)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00794\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Primary Care Practice Finances In The United States Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Health Affairs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">25<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17124487\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Air Pollution and Covid-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of Covid-19\u2019s Morbidity and Mortality<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">(June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">22<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2007124\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Paying for Medicaid &#8211; State Budgets and the Case for Expansion in the Time of Coronavirus<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NEJM<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268820001399\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Analysis of Factors Affecting the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients and Viral Shedding Duration<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Epidemiology and Infection (June 25)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m2463\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Covid-19 and Lack of Linked Datasets for Care Homes<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 BMJ (June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">24<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00286\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hyperlocal Postcode Based Crowdsourced Surveillance Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Frontiers in Public Health\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(June 9)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26224\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Related to COVID-19: A New York City Experience<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Medical Virology (June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">25<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa794\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Novel Coronavirus 2019 Transmission Risk in Educational Settings<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Clinical Infectious Diseases\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">(June 25)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Based on the experience of 4 European countries, there is some evidence that school closures led to declines in the epidemic growth rates of COVID-19. Reopening of schools for all students in countries with low community transmission (Denmark and Norway) has not resulted in a significant increase in the growth rate of COVID-19 cases. Return of most students to school in countries with higher levels of community transmission (Germany) has been accompanied by increased transmission among students, but not school staff. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/06\/26\/influenza-vaccination-and-covid19-mortality-in-the-usa\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-7821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7843,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7821\/revisions\/7843"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7821"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=7821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}