{"id":7893,"date":"2020-07-01T19:43:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T02:43:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=7893"},"modified":"2021-03-29T19:56:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-30T02:56:39","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-1-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/01\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-1-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report July 1, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">P<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">atient-collected<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0lower nasal specimens\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">had diagnostic equivalence to<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0healthcare worker-collected\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lower nasal and\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oropharyngeal specimens<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.12005\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-2<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">viral loads in upper respiratory specimens peak<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">within\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3 days from symptom onset and decrease<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rapidly<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a study<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0among\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">health care personnel\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with non-severe COVID-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa886\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels significantly decreased after heat inactivation of serum, which is a proposed method of reducing exposure risk for laboratory personnel. IgM levels decreased by 54% and IgG by 50%<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.23411\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A meta-analysis of 19 studies found that<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hypertension was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.060\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Transmission<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7897\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Distribution of Transmission Potential during Non-Severe COVID-19 Illness<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Shrestha et al.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">examined SARS-CoV-2\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">viral load\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">over<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0time<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">among<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0230<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0health care personnel with COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">who\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">did not require<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0hospitalization<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">V<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">iral loads in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">upper respiratory specimens<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=528)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0peak<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0by\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0days from symptom onset and decrease<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rapidly thereafter<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&gt;85% of the area under the curve<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0occurring in the first five days<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Shrestha et al. (June 29, 2020). Distribution of Transmission Potential during Non-Severe COVID-19 Illness. Clinical Infectious Diseases.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa886\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa886<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7895\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Culture-Competent SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharynx of Symptomatic Neonates, Children, and Adolescents<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among 23\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">children infected with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L\u2019Huillier\u00a0et al. found that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">symptomatic neonates, children, and teenagers shed infectious<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, culture-competent<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that transmission from\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">children\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is plausible<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">L\u2019Huillier\u00a0et al. (June 30, 2020). Culture-Competent SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharynx of Symptomatic Neonates, Children, and Adolescents. Emerging Infectious Diseases.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2610.202403\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2610.202403<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7905\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Viral Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva from Infected Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Zhu et al.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">evaluated the clinical performance of saliva\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">specimens\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in comparison\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">paired respiratory tract specimens in a cohort of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">442<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patients with COVID-19 and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">positive respiratory\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tract specimens.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">RT-PCR t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">esting of saliva specimens\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">had a sensitivity of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">86%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(95%CI 8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a089%) and specificity of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">97% (95%CI\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">95<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">98%)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There was no significant difference regarding the temporal viral load profile between mild and severe cases.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Zhu et al. (June 23, 2020). Viral Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva from Infected Patients. Journal of Infection.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.059\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.059<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7903\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Handheld Point-of-Care System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in under 20 Minutes<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rapid\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">point-of-care<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0diagnostic test (&lt; 20 min)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">using<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and semiconductor technology\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to test<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0extracted RNA samples<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ha<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a090.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to RT-qPCR\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">on 183 clinical samples<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0portable diagnostic platform<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is paired with a smartphone for results visualization and geo-localization<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rodriguez-Manzano et al. (June 30, 2020). A Handheld Point-of-Care System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in under 20 Minutes.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-print downloaded Jul 1 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.20142349\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.20142349<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7901\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Heat Inactivation of Serum Interferes with the\u00a0Immunoanalysis\u00a0of Antibodies to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels decreased significantly after heat inactivation of serum at 56 C, which is a proposed method of reducing exposure risk for laboratory personnel. The IgM levels decreased in all 34 serum samples by mean of 54%. IgG levels decreased in 22 of 34 samples (65%) by a mean of 50%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hu et al. (June 28, 2020). Heat Inactivation of Serum Interferes with the\u00a0Immunoanalysis\u00a0of Antibodies to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.23411\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.23411<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7899\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ensitivity and specificity\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were equivalent for<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patient<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">collected lower nasal specimens<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, p<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hysician-collected lower nasal specimens<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">physician<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">collected oropharyngeal<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">specimens\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0participants with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">infection<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=30)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for detection by RT-PCR<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ensitivity of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patient<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">collected specimens was 100% (95% CI<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a072%-100%), and the specificity was 95% (95% CI<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">74%-100%).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Altamirano et al. (June 12, 2020). Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing. JAMA Network Open.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.12005\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.12005<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Clinical Characteristics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\"> and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7911\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Initial and Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys to Inform SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevention in 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities \u2014 Detroit, Michigan, March\u2013May 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sanchez et al.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that repeated<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0point prevalence surveys at 26 Detroit\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">skilled nursing facilities (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SNFs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0identified an attack rate of 44%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0among SNF residents.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">W<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ithin 21 days of diagnosis, 37% of infected patients were hospitalized and 24% died. Among 12 facilities participating in a second survey and receiving on-site infection prevention and control support, the percentage of newly identified cases decreased from 35% to 18%.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sanchez et al. (July 1, 2020). Initial and Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys to Inform SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevention in 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities \u2014 Detroit, Michigan, March\u2013May 2020. MMWR.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927e1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927e1<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7909\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Association of Hypertension with the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients: Evidence Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0systematical<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0review and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0meta-analysis\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">19 studies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">15,302\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cases<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">shows that adjusted for relevant confounders,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">h<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ypertension\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">significantly associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">among\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">OR=1.44<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a095% CI 1.24-1.66<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Liang et al. (June 23, 2020). The Association of Hypertension with the Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients: Evidence Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates. Journal of Infection.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.060\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.060<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-7907\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Effect of Frailty on Survival in Patients with COVID-19 (COPE): A\u00a0Multicentre, European, Observational Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"45\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A large study of patients from the UK (10 hospitals) and Italy (1 hospital) found that a clinical frailty scale was a better predictor of COVID-19 disease outcomes among hospitalized patients<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">than either age or comorbidity.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The clinical frailty scale\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">could\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inform decision making about medical care in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hewitt et al. (June 30, 2020). The Effect of Frailty on Survival in Patients with COVID-19 (COPE): A\u00a0Multicentre, European, Observational Cohort Study. The Lancet Public Health.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30146-8\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30146-8<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-7913\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Half of Rural Residents at High Risk of Serious Illness Due to COVID\u201019, Creating Stress on Rural Hospitals<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on data<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">50% of rural residents are at high risk for hospitalization and serious illness if they\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were to be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">infected with COVID-19, compared to 4<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cmicropolitan\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and 40% in metropolitan areas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Kaufman et al<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stimate that r<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ural residents will generate an estimated 10% more hospitalizations for COVID-19 per capita than urban residents given equal infection rates.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kaufman et al. (June 30, 2020). Half of Rural Residents at High Risk of Serious Illness Due to COVID\u201019, Creating Stress on Rural Hospitals. The Journal of Rural Health.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.12481\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.12481<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.20142554\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Citywide Nucleic Acid Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Post-Lockdown Wuhan China Results and Implications<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Medrxiv\u00a0(June 30)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.06.009\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Descriptive Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019\u2013Related Experiences and Perspectives of a National Sample of College Students in Spring 2020<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Adolescent Health (June 24)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.06.028\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Social Media Can Have an Impact on How We Manage and Investigate the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (June 7)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.178343\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Structure of the Full SARS-CoV-2 RNA Genome in Infected Cells<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Biorxiv\u00a0(June 30)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002607\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 among Racial Minorities and Those in Congregate Settings among a Large Cohort of People with HIV<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 AIDS (June 25)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.192\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Could the COVID-19 Pandemic Aggravate Antimicrobial Resistance?<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 American Journal of Infection Control (June 27)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.20141564\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) of COVID-19 Outcomes by Race Using the Electronic Health Records Data in Michigan Medicine<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Medrxiv\u00a0(July 1)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3313\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Is a \u201cCytokine Storm\u201d Relevant to COVID-19?<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 JAMA Internal Medicine (June 30)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2122\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Angiotensin\u2010converting Enzyme 2: The Old Door for New Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Reviews in Medical Virology (June 30)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.29.178509\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Vaccine Candidate NVX-CoV2373 Elicits Immunogenicity in Baboons and Protection in Mice<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Biorxiv\u00a0(June 30)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Patient-collected lower nasal specimens had diagnostic equivalence to healthcare worker-collected lower nasal and oropharyngeal specimens for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/01\/half-of-rural-residents-at-high-risk-of-serious-illness-due-to-covid%e2%80%9019-creating-stress-on-rural-hospitals\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-7893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7893"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7915,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7893\/revisions\/7915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7893"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=7893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}