{"id":8061,"date":"2020-07-09T08:51:15","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T15:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=8061"},"modified":"2021-03-31T09:11:02","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T16:11:02","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-9-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/09\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-9-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report July 9, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The COVID-19 case rate<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3,251 per 100,000\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">among<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0US<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prisoners was 5.5<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">times higher than the US population case rate of 587 per 100,000<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0persons<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12528\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A large-<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">scale analysis of the health care records of more than\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">17 million\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">people in England\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">linked<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to more than 10,000 COVID-19 deaths<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">greater risk of death among\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">en<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">HR<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">=<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.6)<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">adults with\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">other sociodemographic\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and health\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">risk factors.<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A targeted behavioral change campaign aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Netherlands\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that was disseminated through social media was associated with increased handwashing and improvements in physical distancing<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14323\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW243650001 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW243650001 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8064\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Association of a Public Health Campaign About Coronavirus Disease 2019 Promoted by News Media and a Social Influencer\u00a0With\u00a0Self-Reported Personal Hygiene and Physical Distancing in the Netherlands<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A targeted\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">behavioral change campaign<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the Netherlands<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that was\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">promoted by a news platform and social media was associated with self-reported improvement in personal hygiene.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cross-sectional analysis of the post<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">campaign survey<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=17,189)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that exposure to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0video plus infographics\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">OR=<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.14) and to the infographics alone (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">OR<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">=<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.31) were positively associated with washing hands.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xposure to the infographics alone and video plus infographics were associated with improvements in physical distancing when the participant had COVID-19 sy<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ptoms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Yousuf et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Association of a Public Health Campaign About Coronavirus Disease 2019 Promoted by News Media and a Social Influencer\u00a0With\u00a0Self-Reported Personal Hygiene and Physical Distancing in the Netherlands. JAMA Network Open.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14323\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14323<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Geographic Spread<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8070\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19 incidence significantly decreased in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">early April in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">counties i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">northeastern US\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(estimated weekly percentage change<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0-16.6%), but\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">continued\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">increasing in the Midwest<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(+13.2%)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, South\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(+5.6%)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and West Regions (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">+<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.7%).<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There was a h<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">igher\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">likelihood of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">clustering and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hig<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">h<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">er\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">incidence of COVID-19 in metropolitan\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">compared to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rural counties, counties closest to core airports,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">most populous counties, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">counties with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">highest proportion of racial\/ethnic minority\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">populations<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. However, geographic differences in incidence have\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">decreased\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">since early April.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Wang et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa934\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa934<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8068\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Rapid Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater New York Metropolitan Area: Geolocation, Demographics, Positivity Rates, and Hospitalization for 46,793 Persons Tested by Northwell Health<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Northwell Health Laboratories\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tested 46,793 persons<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in the greater New York metropolitan area\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">for SARS-CoV-2 from March 4 through April 10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">showing that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 incidence emerged rapidly and almost simultaneously across a broad demographic population in the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">region<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0finding that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">57%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(n=26,735)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of people\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">otal hospitalization rate was 3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% of positive persons<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=8,174)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There was a broad range (greater than 10-fold) in the cumulative number of positive cases across individual zip codes following documented first case incidents. Test positivity was greater for persons living in zip codes with lower annual household income.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Reichberg et al. (July<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a08,<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a02020). Rapid Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater New York Metropolitan Area: Geolocation, Demographics, Positivity Rates, and Hospitalization for 46,793 Persons Tested by Northwell Health. Clinical Infectious Diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa922\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa922<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8066\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Social Distancing, Population Density, and Spread of COVID-19 in England: A Longitudinal Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5-week\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">longitudinal study,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Tammes showed that COVID-19 incidence<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">decreased more in the most densely populated administrative areas compared to less dense areas after the introduction of physical distancing measures by the UK government (March 16-22). In the last week of the study (April 13-19), the incidence<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was 22.4 per 100,000 persons (95% CI 16.9-28.0) in areas in the highest density quartile, which was lower than the rates in the three lower<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0density quartiles\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(31.4 to 43.2 per 100,000 persons).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tammes. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">7,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Social Distancing, Population Density, and Spread of COVID-19 in England: A Longitudinal Study. BJGP Open.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101116\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101116<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Clinical Characteristics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\"> and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8080\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics of Patients\u00a0With\u00a0Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Receiving Emergency Medical Services in King County, Washington<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on a study of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patients<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0who required 911\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">emergency medical services (EMS)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">care for COVID-19 in King County, Washington<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">February 1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">March 18<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">creening<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0based on conventional COVID-19 symptoms or<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">examination findings of febrile respiratory illness may not\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">be sufficiently\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sensitiv<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to identify\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">patients with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Of 147<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0unique\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">911<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0encounters<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">29%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">had no symptoms of fever, cough, or shortness of breath. Based on<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">EMS\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">examination findings, fever<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(51<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%),<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0tachypnea<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(rapid breathing) (32<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, or hypoxia<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(5<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were only present in a limited portion of cases.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">P<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">atients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">received care associated with aerosol-generating procedures<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">16% of<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0encounters<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. As of June 1, mortality among the study cohort was 52% (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n=<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">65).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Yang et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Clinical Characteristics of Patients\u00a0With\u00a0Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Receiving Emergency Medical Services in King County, Washington. JAMA Network Open.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14549\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.14549<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8078\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Liver Manifestations and Outcomes in COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">107 studies, 20,874 COVID-19 patients<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) shows that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the severity of elevated liver chemistries is associated with the outcome of COVID-19; however, the presenc<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e of chronic liver disease<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0does not alter the outcome of COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with elevated liver chemistries had increased risk of mortality (OR=3.46; 95%CI 2.42-4.95) and severe disease (OR=2.87; 95%CI 2.29-3.6) compared to patients without elevated liver chemistries.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hronic liver disease\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was not associated with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">developing severe COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(OR=<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0.81 (95% CI 0.31-2.09).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kulkarni et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Liver Manifestations and Outcomes in COVID-19. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15916\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15916<\/span><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8076\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A study of 147 patients in Italy who had recovered from COVID-19 found that 87% reported\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">persistence of at least 1 symptom, particularly fatigue and dyspnea<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(difficulty breathing)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">at a mean of 60 days (SD 13.6) after onset of symptoms<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Carf\u00ec\u00a0et al. (July 9, 2020). Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12603\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12603<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8074\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Measures: Reports\u00a0From\u00a0a National Survey of 9,120 ICU Clinicians<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on a survey of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9,120 ICU clinicians<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0across the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">US<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0Kleinpell\u00a0et al.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">identified<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">personal protective equipment, specifically N95 respirator availability, and ICU staffing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">most critical ICU needs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of ICU clinicians<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reported that m<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inimizing healthcare worker virus exposure during care was the most challenging aspect of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0patient care<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Both n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">urses\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ICU\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">clinicians\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">who had provided\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">care to COVID-19 patients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">report<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a high level of concern<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">about exposing family members to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">median score of 10 on 0-10 scale<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kleinpell\u00a0et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Measures: Reports\u00a0From\u00a0a National Survey of 9,120 ICU Clinicians. Critical Care Medicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004521\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004521<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8072\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">OpenSAFELY: Factors Associated with COVID-19 Death in 17 Million Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Williamson et al. linked primary care records of 17,278,392 adults in England (40% of all patients nationally) to 10,926 COVID-19-related deaths and found that COVID-19-related death was associated with being male (HR=1.59; 95% CI 1.53-1.65), older age and lower socioeconomic\u00a0status\u00a0 (both with a strong gradient), diabetes, severe asthma, and various other medical conditions. Compared to individuals with White ethnicity, those who were Black (HR=1.48;\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">95%CI 1.30<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">-1.69) and South Asian (HR=1.44; 95% CI 1.32-1.58) individuals were at higher risk of death even after adjustment for other factors.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Williamson et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020).\u00a0OpenSAFELY: Factors Associated with COVID-19 Death in 17 Million Patients. Nature.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW203898472 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW203898472 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8084\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Self-Control Moderates the Association Between Perceived Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health Problems Among the Chinese Public<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Based on<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0national\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">survey\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of China\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">conducted in February 2020<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=4,607)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">after controlling for demographic variables, perceived severity of COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0was associated with likelihood of mental health problems.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">elf-control\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(the a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">bility to override or change\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">one\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inner responses and to interrupt undesired behavioral tendencies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was found to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">moderate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">association between\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">perceived severity of COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mental health problems<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ompared to those with high self-control,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Li et al. found that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">individuals with low self-control are more vulnerable and are more in need of psychological aids to maintain mental health\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">during the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pandemic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Li et al. (July\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">4,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2020). Self-Control Moderates the Association Between Perceived Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health Problems Among the Chinese Public. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17134820\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17134820<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8082\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Increases in Health-Related Workplace Absenteeism Among Workers in Essential Critical Infrastructure Occupations During the COVID-19 Pandemic \u2014 United States, March\u2013April 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"34\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">W<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hile<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0effect of COVID-19<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">on\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">overall workplace absenteeism in March and April was minor<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">absenteeism was significantly higher than expected<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(based on the previous 5-years)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">among workers in job categories that contain a large proportion of workers who are part of the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">essential critical infrastructure workforce.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0These include the areas of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">personal care and service, healthcare support, and production occupations<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many essential critical infrastructure jobs inherently involve prolonged close contact with patients, the general public, or coworkers<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">require individuals to be<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0physically present in their workplaces<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">W<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">orkers in these essential critical infrastructure occupations are likely to be at increased risk for occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Groenewold et al. (July 10, 2020). Increases in Health-Related Workplace Absenteeism Among Workers in Essential Critical Infrastructure Occupation<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">s During the COVID-19 Pandemic \u2014 United States, March\u2013April 2020. MMWR.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a1<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8086\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">COVID-19 case rates have been substantially higher and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">escalating much more rapidly in prisons than in the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">general\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">US population.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0These findings are based on officially reported data<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">across<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0all\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">50\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">states, the District of Columbia, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The COVID-19 case rate\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">251 per 100<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">000 prisoners<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was 5.5 times higher than the US population case rate of 587 per 100<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">000.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The crude COVID-19 death rate in prisons was 39 deaths per 100<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">000 prisoners<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0compared to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the US population rate of 29 deaths per 100<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">000.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0It should be noted that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> individuals aged\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">65 years comprised a smaller share of the prison population than of the US population (3% vs 16%) and accounted for 81% of COVID-19 deaths in the US population.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Saloner et al. (July 8, 2020). COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons. JAMA.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12528\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12528<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0499-y\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Open for Outbreaks<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Nature Biotechnology (Apr 3)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.06.20146712\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Risk of Transmission of Infection to Healthcare Workers Delivering Supportive Care for Coronavirus Pneumonia<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">;\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Rapid GRADE Review<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ed<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xiv\u00a0(July 8)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0840470420939854\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Providing Care for the 99.9% during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Ethics, Equity, Epidemiology, and Cost per QALY Inform Healthcare Policy<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Healthcare Management Forum (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa095\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Social Determinants of Health and Inequalities in COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 European Journal of Public Health (July 8)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2610.200948\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Effectiveness of Cloth Masks for Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Emerging Infectious Diseases (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">July 22<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.368.6497.1295\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pandemic Vaccines Are about to Face the Real Test<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Science (June 19)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305764\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19 Among African Americans: From Preliminary Epidemiological Surveillance Data to Public Health Action<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 American Journal of Public Health (Aug 1)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m2720\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Covid-19: Airborne Transmission Is Being Underestimated, Warn Experts<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 BMJ (July 7)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00937\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A Snapshot of the Global Race for Vaccines Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Frontiers in Pharmacology\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(June 19)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31527-0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">US Withdrawal from WHO Is Unlawful and Threatens Global and US Health and Security<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 The Lancet (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2003149\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Physician Burnout, Interrupted<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NEJM<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(June\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">25<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.15607\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Systematic Profiling of ACE2 Expression in Diverse Physiological and Pathological Conditions for COVID\u201019\/SARS\u2010CoV\u20102<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (July 8)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/32636547\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19 Guidelines for Sports and Physical Activity<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Missouri Medicine\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(May-June)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.368.6497.1298\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">U.S. Academic Research Funding Stays Healthy despite Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Science (June 19)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.368.6497.1296\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Can Phone Apps Slow the Spread of the Coronavirus?<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Science (June 19)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-020-0389-z\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pre-Existing Immunity to SARS-CoV-2: The Knowns and Unknowns<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Nature Reviews Immunology (July 7)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305760\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Watershed Moment to Strengthen Food Security Across the US Food System<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 American Journal of Public Health (Aug\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The COVID-19 case rate of 3,251 per 100,000 among US prisoners was 5.5-times higher than the US population case rate of 587 per 100,000 persons.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/09\/covid-19-cases-and-deaths-in-federal-and-state-prisons\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-8061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8061"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8088,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions\/8088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8061"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=8061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}