{"id":8462,"date":"2020-07-24T09:47:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T16:47:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=8462"},"modified":"2021-04-05T10:21:39","modified_gmt":"2021-04-05T17:21:39","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-24-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/24\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-july-24-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report July 24, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">county-level\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">study of the US\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that nearly all counties that achieved a<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a070% reduction in visits to non-essential businesses\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">brought the\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">effective reproduction number<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) below 1<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16099\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Preliminary results\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from two different\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Phase 1<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2 vaccine trial<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s (<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">UK<\/span><\/b><\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31605-6\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">China<\/span><\/b><\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0demonstrate<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0strong humoral and cellular immune responses\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with no evidence of severe adverse events<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Out of 120 neonates born to COVID-19 positive mo<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s, 83% of wh<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">om<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0roomed with their mothers and all of whom\u00a0were allowed to\u00a0breastfeed, none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0or<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0developed symptoms of COVID-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30235-2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An extensive outbreak investigation in a school (grades 7-12)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Is<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rael<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the school. There was an indication that transmission was largely<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0confined<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">specific\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">grades and to individual\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">classrooms within those grades.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.29.2001352\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0d8\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A rare X-chromosome variant that impairs interferon response was identified in\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">two pairs of brothers<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with severe COVID-19 despite young age (mean 26) and absence of comorbidities<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.13719\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">More<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW40369296 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW40369296 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8464\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Association of Social Distancing, Population Density, and Temperature\u00a0With\u00a0the Instantaneous Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2 in Counties Across the United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"45\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ruben et al\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">analyzed the effect of social\u00a0distancing, population density, and temperature on\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">effective reproduction number (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">211 counties in 46\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">US\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">states and the District of Colombia (total population 178,892,208)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mean peak reduction in visits to non-essential businesses in early- to mid-April was 69% and a 50% decrease in such visits was associated with a 45% decrease in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. A 70% reduction in such visits brought 96% of such counties below R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&lt;1.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Median<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0case incidence and fatality rates were 10 times higher for the top decile of population density than for the lowest quartile<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mean R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in the first two weeks being 5.7\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">versus<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a03.1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Relative R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0decreased as\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">temperatures<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0warmed from\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">32\u00b0F to 52\u00b0F (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">O<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b0C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to 11<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, increased between\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">52\u00b0F and 68\u00b0F (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C and 20<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00b0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, then again declined<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0above\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">68\u00b0F (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">20\u00b0C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rubin et al. (July 2020). Association of Social Distancing, Population Density, and Temperature\u00a0With\u00a0the Instantaneous Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2 in Counties Across the United States. JAMA Network Open.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16099\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16099<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70641427 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Transmission<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8468\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Neonatal Management and Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observation Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In a cohort study of 1,481 deliveries at New York Presbyterian Hospitals in New York City between March 22 and May 17, 116 (8%) of mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, corresponding to 120 neonates. All neonates were negative for SARS-CoV-2 at 24 hours of life; of the 96% that received a repeat test at 5-7 days and the 88% that were tested at 14 days, none were positive. No infants developed symptoms of COVID-19. Eighty three percent were roomed with their mothers and all\u00a0were allowed to\u00a0breastfeed; 78% were still breastfeeding at 5-7 days postpartum.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Salvatore et al. (July 2020). Neonatal Management and Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observation Cohort Study. The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30235-2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30235-2<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8466\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Large COVID-19 Outbreak in a High School 10 Days after Schools\u2019 Reopening, Israel, May 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An extensive outbreak investigation in a school (grades 7-12) in Jerusalem (Israel) found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission wi<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">thin the school. After re-opening<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0on May 17 after a\u00a0two month\u00a0closure, th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0first school outbreak occurred 10 days later. There was an indication that transmission was largely confined to certain grades, and to specific classrooms within those grades.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As part of the outbreak investigation, SARS-CoV-2 testing was conducted on 1,161 of 1,164 students and 151 of 152 staff members. Overall, 13.2% of students and 16.6% of staff<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0had\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 43% of students and 76% of staff were symptomatic.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0One emergency room visit was recorded and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">there were\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">no hospitali<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">z<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0among students<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the school\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">at the time of testing was highest in grades 7-9 (17.3% to 32.6%) compared to grades 10-12 (1.6%-4.5%). Even within the younger grades, cases appeared to be clustered within specific classrooms.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An environmental school inspection repo<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rted crowded classes (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">35<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">38 students per class<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">). While facemasks were initially required, this mandate was removed during a heatwave that occurred within days of the school re-opening.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Con<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tact tracing of close contacts of cases from the school identified 87 additional cases.\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[EDITORIAL NOTE: From this report, it is not clear how\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">many close contacts were tested or<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the proportion of\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">contacts who were\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">positive for symptomatic versus asymptomatic cases]<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Stein-Zamir et al. (July 23, 2020). A Large COVID-19 Outbreak in a High School 10 Days after Schools\u2019 Reopening, Israel, May 2020.\u00a0Eurosurveillance.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.29.2001352\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.29.2001352<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW173333515 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW173333515 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8474\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients:\u00a0A Systematic\u00a0Review and Meta-Analysis<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A systematic literature review (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">37 studies, 22 used in meta-analysis) showed consistent recovery of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material from the upper respiratory tract (URT), the lower respiratory tract (LRT), and the feces, regardless of clinical severity. SARS-CoV-2 was found to persist for longer in moderate-to-severe patients\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">versus\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mild patients for both the URT and feces, and to persist for longer in the LRT than URT in adult patients. Viral load was also found to peak in earlier stages of infection in the URT\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">compared to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the LRT.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Weiss et al. (Aug 1, 2020). Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients:\u00a0A Systematic\u00a0Review and Meta-Analysis.\u00a0EBioMedicine.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102916\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102916<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8472\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Initial Experience in Predicting the Risk of Hospitalization of 496 Outpatients with COVID-19 Using a Telemedicine Risk Assessment Tool<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">O\u2019Keefe et al. describe the use of a risk assessment tool for telemedicine assessment of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Out of 496 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by self-testing, increasing risk tier was positively associated with risk of hospitalization (Tier 2 vs Tier 1: HR=3.74; Tier 3 vs Tier 1: HR=10.87) (adjusted for age, gender, and obesity).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">O\u2019Keefe et al. (July 24, 2020). Initial Experience in Predicting the Risk of Hospitalization of 496 Outpatients with COVID-19 Using a Telemedicine Risk Assessment Tool. Pre-print downloaded July 24 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.20159384\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.20159384<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8470\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Convalescent Plasma Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Analysis of the First 436 Donors in England, 22 April to 12 May 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among 436\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">convalescent plasma donations collected from individuals with confirmed\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(59%)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">or suspected\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(41%)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">infection\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by the UK National Health Service<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0at least 30 days\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">after diagnosis<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a08<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% were positive for IgG antibodies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and 7<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">% were positive for neutralizing antibodies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among those with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">confirmed SARS-CoV-2, 99%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0had IgG antibodies and\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">88%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0had neutralizing antibodies<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Neutralizing antibody titers were high enough to be used for treatment of other SARS-CoV-2 patients in 34% of donations, with the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">higher levels associated with confirmed infection, prior hospitalization, older age, and more recent diagnosis.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Antibody levels decline<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0over three months following diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Harvala et al. (July 2020). Convalescent Plasma Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Analysis of the First 436 Donors in England, 22 April to 12 May 2020. Euro Surveillance.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.28.2001260\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.28.2001260<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun  BCX0 SCXW175605829\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2   BCX0 DefaultHighlightTransition GrammarErrorHighlight SCXW175605829\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Vaccines<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8478\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years or Older: A\u00a0Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Zhu et al. report\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">findings from a p<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-center (Wuhan) trial of an Ad5-vecctored COVID-19 vaccine.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A total of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">508 participants were randomly assigned to treatment (n=253 low dose, n=129 medium dose) or placebo (n=126; vaccine excipients with no viral particles). Both treatment groups had high seroconversion rates by 28 days (96% in the low dose group and 97% in the high dose group) and demonstrated significant neutralizing antibody responses, as well as significant T-cell responses. Adverse reactions were reported in 72% and 74% of the low- and high-dose treatment arms, versus 9% of the placebo arm, all of which were self-limiting and resolved within 72-96 hours without medication<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0No serious adverse reactions were documented within 28 days.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Zhu et al. (July 2020). Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years or Older: A\u00a0Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lancet.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31605-6\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31605-6<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8476\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Safety and Immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Report of a Phase 1\/2, Single-Blind,\u00a0Randomised\u00a0Controlled Trial<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Folegatti\u00a0present preliminary results of a phase\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1\/2\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">single-blind, randomized multi-center (5 UK sites) trial of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(n=543 treatment and n=534)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Controls received a meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Adverse effects\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were more common in the treatment arm and included\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">included\u00a0pain, fever, chills, muscle ache, and malaise. No serious adverse events were reported. Cell-mediated immunity peaked on day 14, and humoral (antibody) response rose by day 28 and was boosted by following a second dose\u00a0in\u00a010 participants assigned (non-randomly) to an unblinded boost group. Neutralizing antibody response was detected\u00a0in\u00a0all participants and was strongly associated with antibody levels.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Folegatti\u00a0et al. (July 2020). Safety and Immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Preliminary Report of a Phase 1\/2, Single-Blind,\u00a0Randomised\u00a0Controlled Trial.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lancet.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Clinical Characteristics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW22351167 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\"> and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8482\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network \u2014 United States, March\u2013June 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A telephone\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">survey of non-hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients found that illness can be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">prolonged, even among young adults without underlying chronic medical conditions.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Among\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">274 symptomatic COVID-19 patients<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0interviewed 14-21 days after diagnosis, 65%<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0percent had r<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">etu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rned to their usual state of health a median of 7 days (IQR 5-12 days) after testing, while the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">35%\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">had not yet returned to their usual state of health.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Older age and\u00a0presence\u00a0of chronic medical conditions were associated with a higher risk of not having returned to normal health<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. A<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mong those with no chronic medical conditions and in the youngest age group (18-34 years), 19% had not returned to normal health by 14-21 days after\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">diagnosis<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tenforde\u00a0et al. (July 24, 2020). Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network \u2014 United States, March\u2013June 2020. MMWR.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8480\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men\u00a0With\u00a0Severe COVID-19.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A rare genetic mutation was identified in two\u00a0sets of brothers\u00a0who had severe COVID-19 disease. A case series reported by van der Made et al. included two sets of brothers under age 35 (mean age 26) without pre-existing medical conditions who were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 in the Netherlands. All four men required mechanical ventilation in the\u00a0ICU\u00a0and one died. Whole-exome sequencing and basic genetic and immunological tests identified a loss-of-function X-chromosomal\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">TLR7<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0gene variant that is associated with impaired type I and II interferon responses.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">van der Made et al. (2020). Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men\u00a0With\u00a0Severe COVID-19<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">. JAMA<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.13719\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.13719<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW39188668 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW39188668 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8485\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Students under Lockdown: Comparisons of Students\u2019 Social Networks and Mental Health before and during the COVID-19 Crisis in Switzerland<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">An analysis of longitudinally collected<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">social\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">network parameters and mental health outcomes among two cohorts\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(n=212 and n=57)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of Swiss undergraduate students<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0before and during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">found that<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0social networks were sparser\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">during the pandemic\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and students were more likely to study in isolation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">;\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">however\u00a0friendship and social support networks did not differ significantly<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0between the two periods<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Stronger social ties were more likely to be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">maintained<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0but\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">there was an increasing number of isolated individuals.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Students\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were on average more depressed, slightly more anxious, more stressed, and felt\u00a0more lonely\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">during the pandemic compared to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">half a year earlier<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. S<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ome students reported that the\u00a0crisis situation\u00a0affected their lives positively\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by reducing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fear of Missing Out<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and competition among the students.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Elmer et al. (2020). Students under Lockdown: Comparisons of Students\u2019 Social Networks and Mental Health before and during the COVID-19 Crisis in Switzerland.\u00a0PloS\u00a0One.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236337\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236337<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW82890009 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW82890009 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Mode<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW82890009 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW82890009 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">ling and Prediction<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8487\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">State-Level Impact of Social Distancing and Testing on COVID-19 in the United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"45\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">[pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Using a transmission dynamic model calibrated to US state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths from March to June, Chiu et al. found that most states were able to achieve R<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">&lt;1 through stay-at-home orders.\u00a0However\u00a0by June 20, only 19 states and the District of Columbia were on track to control COVID-19 at current levels of re-opening, 24 or the remaining 31 states needed to double their current testing and\/or contact tracing to control COVID-19, and 7 of these 24 also needed to restrict social contact by another 25%.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chiu et al. (July 2020). State-Level Impact of Social Distancing and Testing on COVID-19 in the United States. Pre-print downloaded July 24 from\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-40364\/v1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-40364\/v1<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW256833614 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 2\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8489\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Mortality Rate in Nine High-Income Metropolitan Regions<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"43\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Signorelli et al. analyze COVID-19 mortality rate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and case fatality in\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">high-income metropolitan regions\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in Europe and the US\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with similar socio-demographic characteristics, daytime commuting popu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">l<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ations, and business activities.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">crude mortality rate was highest for the Lombardy Region in Italy<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, after age-<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">standardization\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">New\u00a0York State\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">had the highest mortality rate<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Signorelli et al. (July 2020). COVID-19 Mortality Rate in Nine High-Income Metropolitan Regions. Acta Bio-Medica.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i9-S.10134\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i9-S.10134<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1478-3975\/aba8ec\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why COVID-19 Models Should Incorporate the Network of Social Interactions<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Physical Biology (July 23)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.20159335\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Model-Free Estimation of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics from a Complete<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Outbreak \u2013\u00a0Medrxiv\u00a0(July 24)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.20159350\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Reducing COVID-19 Hospitalization Risk through Behavior Change<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Medrxiv\u00a0(July 24)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32701249\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19-like Symptoms Observed in the Chinese Tree Shrews Infected with SARS-CoV-2<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Zoological Research (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">23<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i9-S.10115\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19 and Living Space Challenge. Well-Being and Public Health Recommendations for a Healthy, Safe, and Sustainable Housing<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Acta Bio-Medica\u202f:\u00a0Atenei\u00a0Parmensis\u00a0(July 20)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2020.1791885\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Protecting Higher Education Institutions from COVID-19: Insights from an Italian Experience<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of American College\u00a0Health\u202f:\u00a0J of ACH (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">23<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.2725\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Distancing Without Isolating<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2014Connection in the Era of COVID-19 \u2013 JAMA Oncology (July 23)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.22.213959\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">From People to Panthera Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Biorxiv\u00a0(July 23)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.359\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Surveillance for Probable COVID-19 Using Structured Data in the Electronic Medical Record<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology (July)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000709\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">No Body Is Expendable: Medical Rationing and Disability Justice during the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 The American Psychologist (July)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.20159236\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">We Are at Risk Too The Disparate Impacts of the Pandemic on Younger<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Generations \u2013\u00a0Medrxiv\u00a0(July 24)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30165-1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">COVID-19: From a PHEIC to a Public Mental Health Crisis?<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0The Lancet\u00a0Public Health (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">23<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1061186X.2020.1797754\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Review of ACE2-Raising Drugs and Their Clinical Safety<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Journal of Drug Targeting (July 23)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" data-aria-posinset=\"2019\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd17.200256\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Role of Public Health in COVID-19 Emergency Response Efforts From a Rural Health Perspective<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 Preventing Chronic Disease (July\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">23<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A county-level study of the US found that nearly all counties that achieved a 70% reduction in visits to non-essential businesses brought the effective reproduction number (Rt) below 1.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/07\/24\/covid-19-mortality-rate-in-nine-high-income-metropolitan-regions\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-8462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8462"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8491,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8462\/revisions\/8491"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8462"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=8462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}