{"id":8624,"date":"2021-04-05T09:56:47","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T16:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=8624"},"modified":"2021-04-06T10:13:53","modified_gmt":"2021-04-06T17:13:53","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-5-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/05\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-5-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report April 5, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 1308 articles (1276 published, 32 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/LitRep_20210405.docx.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Spike-specific IgG antibody levels and ACE2 antibody binding inhibition responses were similar between healthcare workers in California who had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and those who had no prior infection and had received both vaccine doses.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01325-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Between March 1, 2020 and January 2, 2021, the US experienced 22.9% more deaths than expected (522,368 excess deaths), with higher rates of excess deaths among non-Hispanic Black populations than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic populations.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Forty-six cases of COVID-19 were linked to an indoor bar opening in Illinois during February 2021. Transmission associated with the event resulted in one school closure affecting 650 students and one hospitalization.\u00a0Event attendees reported inconsistent mask use and not maintaining \u22656 ft of physical distance. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7014e3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8626\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Factors Associated with Nonessential Workplace Attendance during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the UK in Early 2021 Evidence from Cross-Sectional Surveys<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Among 1,422 people in the UK who reported they could work completely from home between January and February 2021, 26.8% of respondents reported attending their workplace at least once in the preceding week. Independent factors associated with non-essential workplace attendance included male gender (OR = 1.9), dependent children in the household (OR = 1.7), financial hardship (OR = 1.1), manual occupation (OR = 1.7), having been vaccinated (OR = 2.1), or working in sectors such as health or social care (OR = 4.2), education and childcare (OR = 2.5) or key public service (OR = 3.8)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Michie et al. (Apr 4, 2021). Factors Associated with Nonessential Workplace Attendance during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the UK in Early 2021 Evidence from Cross-Sectional Surveys. Pre-print downloaded April 5 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.30.21254333\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.30.21254333<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8635\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Infection- and Vaccine-Induced Antibody Binding and Neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 Variant<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acutely infected COVID-19 patients and those who received the Moderna vaccine had significantly reduced IgG binding to the B.1.351 variant receptor binding domain (RBD) compared to the B.1-lineage RBD-specific IgG response. However, sera containing polyclonal antibodies to the spike protein could still effectively neutralize B.1.351. Individuals with prior infection or vaccinated individuals had a nearly 3-fold reduction in binding antibody titers to the B.1.351 variant against the RBD of the spike protein and a 3.5-fold reduction in neutralizing antibody titers compared to the B.1 variant.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Edara et al. (Mar 2021). Infection- and Vaccine-Induced Antibody Binding and Neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 Variant. Cell Host &amp; Microbe. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.009\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.009<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8632\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Asymptomatic in Nearly Half of Adults with Robust Anti-Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody Response<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a study of 4996 participants (aged 18\u201382 years, 34.5% men) from Greece with plasma antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein between June and November 2020, 49% of seropositive cases (39\/79) reported no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-related clinical symptoms. The majority of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infections were \u201cunsuspected\u201d cases (26\/39) who had no known contact with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels against the spike-protein receptor binding domain were similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, with no differences by age or gender.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tsitsilonis et al. (Mar 2, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Asymptomatic in Nearly Half of Adults with Robust Anti-Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody Response. Vaccines. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9030207\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9030207<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8630\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Outbreak of COVID-19 and Interventions in a Large Jail \u2014 Cook County, IL, United States, 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">From March 1\u2013April 30, 2020, 907 symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected among detained persons (n\u202f=\u202f628) and staff (n\u202f=\u202f279) in a large jail in Chicago, representing an attributable risk of 13%. Of 1,256 detained persons tested for SARS-CoV-2, 628 (50%) were positive, among whom 479 (76%) were symptomatic. Early interventions included enhanced cleaning and disinfection, eliminating aerosol-generating procedures, provision of hand hygiene supplies and education, and training staff on personal protective equipment use. Cases declined among detained persons and staff after implementation of interventions, while cases continued to climb in the surrounding community.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zawitz et al. (Apr 2021). Outbreak of COVID-19 and Interventions in a Large Jail \u2014 Cook County, IL, United States, 2020. American Journal of Infection Control. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.03.020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8628\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event \u2014 Illinois, February 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Forty-six cases of COVID-19 were linked to an opening event for an indoor bar (accommodates ~100 persons) in rural Illinois in February 2021 (26 cases among patrons, 3 among staff, and 17 secondary cases). Among secondary cases, 12 occurred in eight households with children, two on a school sports team, and three in a long-term care facility (LTCF). Transmission associated with the opening event resulted in one school closure affecting 650 children (9,100 lost person-days of school) and hospitalization of one LTCF resident with COVID-19.\u00a0Event attendees reported inconsistent mask use and not maintaining \u22656 ft of physical distance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sami et al. (Apr 5, 2021). Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event \u2014 Illinois, February 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7014e3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7014e3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8637\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test as Screening Strategy at Points of Entry: Experience in Lazio Region, Central Italy, August\u2013October 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Between mid-August to mid-October 2020, 1,176 of 73,643 rapid antigen test results (1.6%) were positive for travelers at points of entry in the Lazio Region of Italy via the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STANDARD F COVID-19 Ag FIA<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but only 40.5% antigen-positive samples also tested positive by RT-PCR. Antigen tests with a higher semiquantitative result were more likely to be confirmed by PCR.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Colavita et al. (Mar 13, 2021). COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test as Screening Strategy at Points of Entry: Experience in Lazio Region, Central Italy, August\u2013October 2020. Biomolecules. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11030425\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11030425<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8641\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Depends on the Analytical Kit: A Report for Up to 10 Months after Infection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> study <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hospitalized and non-hospitalized symptomatic patients (n = 210 samples, 84 patients) over a period of 10 months using six different commercial assays for antibody detection found that assays targeting total antibodies presented higher positivity rates and reached the highest positivity rates sooner <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">than<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> assays directed against IgG alone. The inter-assay agreement was also higher between assays<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> targeting total antibody levels<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ntibody assays <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">evaluat<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ed were the Roche RBD total Ab, Roche NCP total<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ab, DiaSorin S1+S2 IgG, Ortho S1 IgG, Ortho S1 total Ab, and Phadia S1 IgG.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Favresse et al. (Mar 8, 2021). Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Depends on the Analytical Kit: A Report for Up to 10 Months after Infection. Microorganisms. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9030556\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9030556<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8639\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Antibody Responses to the BNT162b2 MRNA Vaccine in Individuals Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among healthcare workers in California who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n = 1,090), spike-specific IgG antibody levels and ACE2 antibody binding inhibition responses were similar between individuals who had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received a single dose (n = 35), and those who had no prior infection and received both vaccine doses (n = 228). The study measured participants\u2019 antibody levels at three time points: before or up to 3 days after dose 1; within 7\u201321 days after dose 1; and within 7\u201321 days after dose 2.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ebinger et al. (Apr 1, 2021). Antibody Responses to the BNT162b2 MRNA Vaccine in Individuals Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01325-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01325-6<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8643\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Dynamic Prioritization of COVID-19 Vaccines When Social Distancing Is Limited for Essential Workers<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A modeling study assessing vaccine allocation in the US across priority groups by age and essential worker status determined that prioritizing essential workers could potentially avert between 20,000 (when nonpharmaceutical interventions are strong) and 300,000 (when these interventions are weak) deaths. The authors suggest their findings <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">indicate that optimal vaccine allocation may <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">change<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">over time, with the priority <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">groups <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">being those <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with high risk of infection initially, and then switch<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to targeting groups with high infection fatality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Buckner et al. (Apr 20, 2021). Dynamic Prioritization of COVID-19 Vaccines When Social Distancing Is Limited for Essential Workers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2025786118\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2025786118<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-8649\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Multicountry Perspective on Gender Differences in Time Use during COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the COVID-19 pandemic, women spent more time than men on tasks such as childcare and household chores, according to responses from eight cross-sectional surveys and one longitudinal survey of adults in the US, Canada, Denmark, Brazil, and Spain (n = 31,141). These differences were stronger for parents. The authors note that to the extent that women spent more time on chores, they reported lower levels of happiness.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Giurge et al. (Mar 23, 2021). A Multicountry Perspective on Gender Differences in Time Use during COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2018494118\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2018494118<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8647\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Health Literacy, Digital Health Literacy, and COVID-19 Pandemic Attitudes and Behaviors in U.S. College Students: Implications for Interventions<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among 256 US college students surveyed in June 2020, only 49% reported adequate health literacy (HL) and 57% found digital health literacy (DHL) tasks easy overall. DHL tasks included searching for health information online. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both HL and DHL were independently associated with overall compliance with basic preventive practices<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for COVID-19.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">igher DHL was significantly associated with greater willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> while HL was not<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patil et al. (Mar 23, 2021). Health Literacy, Digital Health Literacy, and COVID-19 Pandemic Attitudes and Behaviors in U.S. College Students: Implications for Interventions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18063301\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18063301<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-8645\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes in the US, March 1, 2020, to January 2, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The US experienced 22.9% more deaths than expected (522,368 excess deaths) between March 1, 2020 and January 2, 2021. The rate of excess deaths was higher among non-Hispanic Black (208.4 deaths per 100\u00a0000) than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic populations (157.0 and 139.8 deaths per 100\u00a0000, respectively); these groups accounted for 16.9%, 61.1%, and 16.7% of excess deaths, respectively. Deaths rates from causes other than COVID-19, including heart disease and Alzheimer disease, increased during COVID-19 surges in the US. The 10 states with the highest per capita rate of excess deaths were Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Arizona, Alabama, Louisiana, South Dakota, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Ohio.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Woolf et al. (Apr 2, 2021). Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes in the US, March 1, 2020, to January 2, 2021. JAMA. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5199<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.02.438218\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One Dose of COVID-19 Nanoparticle Vaccine REVC-128 Provides Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge at Two Weeks Post Immunization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BioRxiv (Apr 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.30.21254339\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Food Insecurity in Households of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 4)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs11030034\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Breastfeeding during COVID-19: A Narrative Review of the Psychological Impact on Mothers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Behavioral Sciences (Mar)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.042\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Impact of Reduced Working on Mental Health in the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the Understanding Society COVID-19 Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Affective Disorders (Mar\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.03.043\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Dawn of MRNA Vaccines: The COVID-19 Case<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Controlled Release (Mar)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9040315\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reasons for Taking the COVID-19 Vaccine by US Social Media Users<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Vaccines (Mar 29)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13030408\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 Survival on Surfaces and the Effect of UV-C Light<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Viruses (Mar)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00985-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Barriers Related to Mask Wearing in African American Neighborhood Businesses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Community Health (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18052582\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smokers Are More Likely to Smoke More after the COVID-19 California Lockdown Order<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Mar)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00131-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Should We Ration Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation during the COVID-19 Pandemic?<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (Apr)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00544-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concerns about SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Should Not Hold Back Efforts to Expand Vaccination<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Reviews Immunology (Apr)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-00880-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why Is It so Hard to Investigate the Rare Side Effects of COVID Vaccines?<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 1)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000959\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Evolving Role of Preprints in the Dissemination of COVID-19 Research and Their Impact on the Science Communication Landscape<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 PLoS Biology (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000847\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Redeployment of Health Care Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Health System Leaders\u2019 Strategies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Patient Safety (Mar)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.03.001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Metrics Matter: Improving Comparisons of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Nursing Homes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (Mar)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2103104\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in BIPOC Communities \u2014 Toward Trustworthiness, Partnership, and Reciprocity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 New England Journal of Medicine (Mar 31)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.0464\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fair Allocation at COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Sites<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA Health Forum (Apr 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spike-specific IgG antibody levels and ACE2 antibody binding inhibition responses were similar between healthcare workers in California who had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and those who had no prior infection and had received both vaccine doses. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/05\/excess-deaths-from-covid-19-and-other-causes-in-the-us-march-1-2020-to-january-2-2021\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-8624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8651,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8624\/revisions\/8651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8624"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=8624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}