{"id":9123,"date":"2021-04-14T10:31:21","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T17:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=9123"},"modified":"2021-04-15T10:47:49","modified_gmt":"2021-04-15T17:47:49","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-14-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/14\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-14-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report April 14, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 330 articles (288 published, 42 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/LitRep_20210414.docx.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Adults with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized and who received the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab had a significantly lower 30-day hospitalization rate than those who did not receive the treatment.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab305\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>A county-level population-based study in Indiana found that every 10% increase in the proportion of elementary and secondary school students attending in-person instruction increased daily SARS-CoV-2 infections by 0.336 per 100,000 population, a very small increase in proportion to the overall number of new cases expected in absence of in-person instruction. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab306\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><b>A laboratory model of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission on single- and twin-aisle aircraft found that exposures were reduced by 23-57% in seating scenarios when the middle seat was left vacant compared to when every seat was filled. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7016e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><b>A modeling study found that a vaccine with 65% and 60% efficacy before and after the widespread infections due to SARS-CoV-2 variants, respectively, can reduce transmissions more effectively than a vaccine with 95% and 90% efficacy if it is distributed 46-48% faster. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255217\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9129\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Breastfeeding Mothers<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found among newborns born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 55) who were separated from mothers post-delivery.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> All newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 post-delivery, and 75% were fed unpasteurized, expressed breast milk during the separation until discharge. 89% of neonates were discharged after mothers were instructed in anti-infection measures. In 40% of households, there were additional SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive residents<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and all infants who breastfed at home remained SARS-CoV-2 negative.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shlomai et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Breastfeeding Mothers. Pediatrics. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-010918\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-010918<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9127\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using Bacteriophage Aerosol \u2014 November 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A laboratory model of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission on single- and twin-aisle aircraft found that exposures were reduced by 23-57% in seating scenarios when the middle seat was left vacant compared to when every seat was filled. Data from a study which examined aerosolized dispersion of a non-pathogenic respiratory virus in various airline cabin mock-ups from various locations within the cabin prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to model aerosol concentration. The effect of masking on transmission was not included in the model; therefore, results only simulate exposure and not transmission probability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dietrich et al.\u00a0(Apr 14, 2021). Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using Bacteriophage Aerosol \u2014 November 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7016e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7016e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9125\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Effect of In-Person Primary and Secondary School Instruction on County-Level SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Indiana<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A county-level population-based study in Indiana found that for every 10% increase in the proportion of students attending in-person instruction, daily risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection increased by 0.336 per 100,000 population. This corresponds to an overall 0.8% increase over the expected number of cases 28 days later. The authors note that this increase is very small in proportion to the overall number of new cases that would be expected in the absence of in-person instruction.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bosslet et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). The Effect of In-Person Primary and Secondary School Instruction on County-Level SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Indiana. Clinical Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab306\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab306<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9131\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Real-World Experience of Bamlanivimab for COVID-19: A Case-Control Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adults with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized and received the monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab (n = 218) had a 63% lower 30-day hospitalization rate than those who did not receive the treatment (n = 185) in a case-control study conducted between November 20, 2020 and January 19, 2021. Odds of hospitalization was 4.2 times higher among controls who had a referral order but did not receive bamlanivimab than those who received treatment. To prevent one hospitalization, 8 patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 would need to be treated with bamlanivimab.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kumar et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). Real-World Experience of Bamlanivimab for COVID-19: A Case-Control Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab305\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab305<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9141\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgA in the Human Milk of COVID-19 Vaccinated Lactating Health Care Workers<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG were detected in milk and plasma samples from 22 lactating healthcare workers who had received either the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with peak levels occurring 7-10 days after the s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">econd dose<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Samples were collected prior to vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in a prospective observational study.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The authors suggest these antibodies may be transferred to infants during nursing, and future studies should examine the duration of this immune response and the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">clinical significance for infants<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Valcarce et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgA in the Human Milk of COVID-19 Vaccinated Lactating Health Care Workers. Pre-print downloaded Apr 14 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.02.21254642\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.02.21254642<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9139\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Survey of Behaviour Attitudes Towards Preventive Measures Following COVID-19 Vaccination<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A survey of individuals vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 in Israel found mask wearing was 21% lower and social distancing was 47% lower than before prior to vaccination, with no differences by sex. Decreases in mask wearing (28%) and social distancing (56.1%) were larger among people under age 50 than people over the age of 50 (17% and 42%, respectively).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rahamim-Cohen et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). Survey of Behaviour Attitudes Towards Preventive Measures Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Pre-print downloaded Apr 14 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.12.21255304\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.12.21255304<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9137\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Adverse Events in Healthcare Workers after the First Dose of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 or BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Single Center Experience<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study of 1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">st<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> dose post-vaccination adverse events in Korean healthcare workers at a single hospital (N=1,483) found that adverse events were significantly more common in recipients of the Oxford\/AstraZeneca vaccine (N=1,403) than the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (N=80). The adverse events included injection-site pain (78% vs. 51%), myalgia (61% vs. 11%), fatigue (52% vs. 8%), headache (47% vs. 8%), and fever (36 % vs. 5%) (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">p<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&lt; 0.001 for all). Young healthcare workers were more likely to experience adverse events and most adverse events were mild or moderate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kim et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Adverse Events in Healthcare Workers after the First Dose of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 or BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Single Center Experience. Journal of Korean Medical Science. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e107\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e107<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9135\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484K Mutation Reduces Antibody Neutralisation<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An in-vitro study of serum from persons with either prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or two doses of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (N=34) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that antibody neutralization in all samples was reduced against SARS-CoV-2 virus with a single spike E484K mutation compared to the USA-WA1\/2020 strain (the strain first detected in the US). The largest reductions in antibody neutralization were observed in samples with low and moderate IgG antibody levels. Samples with high IgG levels from individuals with two doses of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">vaccine were still able to fully neutralize virus. The authors suggest this data may indicate <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">delaying the second vaccine dose may leave persons vulnerable to infection with a variant containing the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E484K mutation; however, the study did not include sera from persons with only one dose as a comparison.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jangra et al.\u00a0(Apr 7, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484K Mutation Reduces Antibody Neutralisation. The Lancet Microbe. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00068-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00068-9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9133\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">High Coverage COVID-19 MRNA Vaccination Rapidly Controls SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Long-Term Care Facilities<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A study comparing documented <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in Spain to counterfactual model predictions from February 6 to March 28, 2021 estimated that after 70% of long-term care facility<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> residents <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">had been fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, 74% of COVID-19 deaths and 75% of all documented infections were prevented, and transmission was reduced up to 90%. The authors note that in enclosed populations such as long-term care facilities, high vaccination rates may rapidly control SARS-CoV-2 transmission.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Salazar et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). High Coverage COVID-19 MRNA Vaccination Rapidly Controls SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Long-Term Care Facilities. Pre-print downloaded Apr 14 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.08.21255108\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.08.21255108<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9143\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae in Cases Managed in the Community or Hospital in the UK a Population Based Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A population-based study of post-COVID-19 sequelae in England found that hospitalized patients had higher rates of 13 of 26 symptoms assessed and 11 of 19 diseases, and had higher healthcare utilization, than those who had not been hospitalized. Comparing symptom rates (per 100,000 person-weeks), hospitalized patients experienced more breathlessness (536 vs. 87), joint pain (295 vs. 168), diabetes (303 vs. 36), <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hypertension (244 vs. 47). 4.2% (1882\/45,272) of those who had not been ho<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">spitalize<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d had a post-acute symptom, most frequently reporting anxiety, breathlessness, chest pain and fatigue. Healthcare uti<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lization<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> among those who were not hospitalized increased by 28.5% post-COVID-19 relative to pre-pandemic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whittaker et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae in Cases Managed in the Community or Hospital in the UK a Population Based Study. Pre-print downloaded Apr 14 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255199<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9145\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Suicide Trends in the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Preliminary Data from 21 Countries<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Between April \u2013 July 2020, the number of deaths by suicide in high-income (n = 16) and upper-middle-income (n = 5) countries <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">remained largely unchanged or declined compared to pre-pandemic expected levels based on an interrupted time-series analysis using data from official government sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pirkis et al.\u00a0(Apr 14, 2021). Suicide Trends in the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of Preliminary Data from 21 Countries. The Lancet Psychiatry. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366(21)00091-2\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366(21)00091-2\/fulltext<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9149\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">School Closures Reduced Social Mixing of Children during COVID-19 with Implications for Transmission Risk and School Reopening Policies<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A modeling study using data on children\u2019s social contacts found that closures of elementary schools in spring 2020 in the Bay Area of California averted comparatively fewer cases than closures of middle and high schools and workplaces. The authors hypothesize this relatively smaller reduction in averted cases may be due to elementary school children having a higher proportion of social contacts outside of school as a result of requirements to accompany family members on essential activities or attend daycare. The study also found that reopening elementary schools with universal masking protocols and classroom cohorts could avert most in-school transmissions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Head et al.\u00a0(Apr 14, 2021). School Closures Reduced Social Mixing of Children during COVID-19 with Implications for Transmission Risk and School Reopening Policies. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2020.0970\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2020.0970<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9147\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Balancing Role of Distribution Speed against Varying Efficacy Levels of COVID-19 Vaccines under Variants<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vaccines with lower efficacy can reduce population-level transmission more than vaccines with higher efficacy if distribution of lower efficacy vaccines was comparatively faster based on findings from a modeling study. A vaccine with 65% and 60% efficacy before and after the variants, respectively, can outperform a vaccine with 95% and 90% efficacy, if its distribution were 46-48% faster. The authors state that these results have implications for vaccine distribution strategies in the face of an increasing proportion of infections with SARS-CoV-2 known and future variants against which current vaccines may have lower efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kim et al.\u00a0(Apr 13, 2021). The Balancing Role of Distribution Speed against Varying Efficacy Levels of COVID-19 Vaccines under Variants. Pre-print downloaded Apr 14 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255217\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255217<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5002\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data Leak Exposes Early COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing Hiccups<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255195\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ovarian Follicular Function Is Not Altered by SARS-Cov-2 Infection or BNT162b2 MRNA Covid-19 Vaccination<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-021-02723-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 vs Smallpox: Mass Vaccinations in the Mirror<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Internal and Emergency Medicine (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366(21)00117-6\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Remaining Vigilant about COVID-19 and Suicide<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Psychiatry (Apr 14)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.1471\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confronting Challenges in the US Health Care System<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwab107\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consider This Before Using the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic as an Instrumental Variable in an Epidemiological Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 American Journal of Epidemiology (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268821000807\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Monitoring and Evaluation of COVID-19 Response in the WHO African Region: Challenges and Lessons Learned<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Epidemiology and Infection (Apr 14)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268821000790\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Review of Infective Dose, Routes of Transmission, and Outcome of COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-COV-2: Comparison with Other Respiratory Viruses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Epidemiology and Infection (Apr 14)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.4844\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 Precautions Are Scarce in Non\u2013Health Care Workplaces<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-00940-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How Could a COVID Vaccine Cause Blood Clots? Scientists Race to Investigate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 15)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n971\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covid-19: Moderna and Novavax Vaccines to Be Tested in Mixing Vaccines Trial<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/27\/5\/20-3075_article\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coordinated Strategy for a Model-Based Decision Support Tool for Coronavirus Disease, Utah, USA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Emerging Infectious Disease Journal (Apr 12)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.09.21255193\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Case Fatality Rates for COVID-19 Are Higher than Case Fatality Rates for Motor Vehicle Accidents for Individuals over 40 Years of Age<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33849385\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 &#8211; Analysis of 23 Cases from the Literature<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Infectious Diseases (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodpol.2021.102072\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in U.S. Meatpacking Counties<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Food Policy (Apr 8)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ensuring COVID-19 Vaccines for Migrant and Immigrant Farmworkers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (Apr 13)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/laninf\/article\/PIIS1473-3099(21)00202-4\/fulltext\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 Incidence and Vaccine Escape<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Infectious Diseases (Apr 14)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-00897-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biden Pursues Giant Boost for Science Spending<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 9)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adults with COVID-19 who were not hospitalized and who received the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab had a significantly lower 30-day hospitalization rate than those who did not receive the treatment. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/14\/the-balancing-role-of-distribution-speed-against-varying-efficacy-levels-of-covid-19-vaccines-under-variants\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-9123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9151,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9123\/revisions\/9151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9123"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=9123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}