{"id":9320,"date":"2021-04-21T13:17:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-21T20:17:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=9320"},"modified":"2021-04-22T13:31:08","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T20:31:08","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-21-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/21\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-april-21-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report April 21, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 334 articles (315 published, 19 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/LitRep_20210421.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Twenty-two possible breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections (infection <\/b><b>\u226514 days after the second vaccine dose) were identified among skilled nursing facility staff and residents in the Chicago area. Most infections were asymptomatic. Two vaccinated residents were hospitalized, one resident died due to multiple concurrent infections, and no facility-associated secondary transmission occurred.\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Robust immune responses were observed among children and adolescents who had mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection at 2- and 4-months follow-up, and antibody responses were similar or superior to those observed among adults with mild symptomatic illness.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.17.21255663\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9322\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program \u2014 Kentucky, March 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unvaccinated residents and healthcare personnel (HCP) at a Kentucky skilled nursing facility had a 3 and 4.1-fold higher risk of infection compared to residents and HCP who were vaccinated with the Pfrizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, respectively, during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak identified on March 1, 2021. This outbreak was with a newly-introduced variant to the region called \u201cR.1\u201d, which is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">characterized by E484K and other mutations within the spike protein that have been identified in other variants of concern<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">26 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">residents <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and 20 HCP tested positive, including 18 residents and four HCP who had received their second vaccine dose &gt;14 days before the outbreak began. Vaccination was <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">86.5% protective against symptomatic illness among residents and 87.1% protective among HCP.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cavanaugh et al. (Apr 21, 2021). COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program \u2014 Kentucky, March 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9332\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Risk of Symptomatic Reinfection during the Second COVID-19 Wave in Individuals Previously Exposed to SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In a cohort study in Italy, the adjusted odds ratio for developing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 0.05 in the six months following antibody measurement when compared to individuals who were seronegative. The cumulative incidence of laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic infections among IgG-negative and IgG positive cohorts was 2.7% in seronegative individuals and 0.14% in seropositive individuals, respectively.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Manica et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). The Risk of Symptomatic Reinfection during the Second COVID-19 Wave in Individuals Previously Exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Pre-print downloaded Apr 21 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255502\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255502<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9330\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members \u2014 Chicago, Illinois, December 2020\u2013March 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Twenty-two possible breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections (infection <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u226514 days after the second vaccine dose) were identified among skilled nursing facility staff (n = 10) and residents (n = 12) across 15 facilities in the Chicago, IL area. Among these cases, 14 (64%) were asymptomatic, two residents were hospitalized, and one resident died due to multiple concurrent infections (Group B streptococcal bacteremia and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pseudomonas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> urinary tract infection). No facility-associated secondary transmission occurred.\u00a0PCR cycle threshold values <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">seven patients with breakthrough infections were above 28, suggesting low viral loads.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teran et al.\u00a0(Apr 21, 2021). Postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members \u2014 Chicago, Illinois, December 2020\u2013March 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7017e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9328\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Dynamics after a National Immunization Program in Israel<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two months after the initiation of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech) campaign in Israel, there were declines in the number of cases (by 77%), percentage of positive tests (by 45%), number of hospitalizations (by 68%),<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">number of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> severe hospitalizations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(by 67%) compared to peak values<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The authors suggest that these results are likely driven by the vaccination program<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> since<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> declines were greater in individuals over 60 (who were prioritized to receive the vaccine earlier), and the declines<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the clinical measures occurred only after &gt;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">50% of the population in a given age group had been vaccinated or recovered. In addition, the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> authors<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> note that there was not a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">similar decline in<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">number of cases and hospitalizations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">among older adults during the previous lockdown (September 18 \u2013 October 18, 2020)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rossman et al.\u00a0(Apr 19, 2021). COVID-19 Dynamics after a National Immunization Program in Israel. Nature Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01337-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01337-2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9326\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Real World Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Covishield Vaccine ChAdOx1 NCoV- 19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) in Health Care Workers (HCW) in National Capital Region (NCR) of India A Preliminary Report<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A real-world study of the safety and immunogenicity of one dose of the Covishield (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine among healthcare workers in India (n = 1,638) found that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">79.0% were seropositive 2 weeks after the 1st dose, an increase from the 48.2% who were seropositive at baseline. Among those with prior infection, 98.2% were seropositive. No serious adverse events were reported. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Editorial Note: Covishield is the trade name of the Oxford-<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Astrazeneca ChadOx1 vaccine AZD1222 that is manufactured in India].<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kataria et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). A Real World Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Covishield Vaccine ChAdOx1 NCoV- 19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) in Health Care Workers (HCW) in National Capital Region (NCR) of India A Preliminary Report. Pre-print downloaded Apr 21 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255452\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255452<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9324\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Asymptomatic or Mild Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits Durable Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Children and Adolescents<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Children and adolescents with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 69) had robust IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody responses to a range of antigens at the time of infection, and at 2- and 4- month follow-up. Neutralizing activity was still detectable 4 months after infection in 94% of participants, and antibody responses were similar or superior to those observed among 24 adults with mild symptomatic illness.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garrido et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). Asymptomatic or Mild Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits Durable Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Children and Adolescents. Pre-print downloaded Apr 21 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.17.21255663\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.17.21255663<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9340\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Associated Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes among US Women Veterans<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mortality risk among w<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">omen veterans <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">who tested positive for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4 times <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">that of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> women veterans who tested negative (HR = 3.8) but women who tested positive had lower risk of cardiovascular events (OR = 0.8) and developing new heart disease conditions within 60\u00a0days (OR = 0.7)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, according to a retrospective analysis of national VA registry data <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">collected between February and August 2020. Older age, BMI<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2009<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2009<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">30, and prior cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conditions were associated with increased 60-day mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality, cardiovascular events, or onset of heart disease by race\/ethnicity, despite a higher infection rate among women veterans from minority racial\/ethnic groups<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tsai et al.\u00a0(Dec 19, 2021). COVID-19 Associated Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes among US Women Veterans. Scientific Reports. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88111-z\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88111-z<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9338\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical and Demographic Risk Factors for COVID-19 during Delivery Hospitalizations in New York City<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only 27.9% (22 of 79) pregnant individuals with COVID admitted to two New York City hospitals had symptoms consistent with COVID between March 22 and April 18, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 were slightly less likely to have a vaginal delivery (55.2 vs. 51.9%) and had a longer postpartum length of stay with cesarean delivery (2.00 vs. 2.67 days). COVID-19 was associated with higher risk for diagnoses of chorioamnionitis, pneumonia, and fevers without a focal diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sutton et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). Clinical and Demographic Risk Factors for COVID-19 during Delivery Hospitalizations in New York City. American Journal of Perinatology. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33878775\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33878775\/<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9336\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Post-Acute COVID-19 Outcomes in Children with Mild and Asymptomatic Disease<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A multicenter cohort study across Europe conducted among children \u226418 years diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at a tertiary care hospital found that significant risk factors for ICU admission were age &lt;1 month (OR = 5.1), male sex (OR = 2.1), pre-existing medical conditions (OR = 3.3), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (OR = 10.5). 582 children with positive PCR results between April 1 and April 24, 2020 were included in the analysis. Most children were either asymptomatic (36%) or had mild disease (58%). 145 children (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions, and 363 (62%) were admitted to the hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) machines to support respiration (mechanical ventilation), 19 (3%) medications to support blood pressure (inotropic or vasopressor support), and one required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (an advanced form of cardiovascular life support). Four children died (case fatality 0.7%).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Say et al.\u00a0(Apr 21, 2021). Post-Acute COVID-19 Outcomes in Children with Mild and Asymptomatic Disease. The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00124-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00124-3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9334\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Outpatients a Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In a prospective cohort of symptomatic outpatients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in Switzerland (n= 507), 53% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported persistent symptoms between 3 and 10 months after diagnosis compared to 37% of patients who tested negative. About 20% of patients who tested positive consulted a physician for persistent symptoms, and the most common symptoms were fatigue (32%), smell or taste disorder (22%), dyspnea (16%), headache (12%), memory impairment 135 (11%), hair loss (10%), and sleep disorder (10%). Among patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, female sex (aOR = 1.7) and overweight\/obesity (aOR = 1.7) predicted persistent symptoms.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Desgranges et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Outpatients a Cohort Study. Pre-print downloaded Apr 21 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.19.21255742\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.19.21255742<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9342\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy worldwide varied from 4.3% to 72% (mean 22.5%), according to an analysis of 35 studies with 76,471 healthcare workers. The main reasons survey participants gave for hesitancy were concerns about safety, efficacy, and potential side effects. Participants who were male, older, and held doctoral degrees were more likely to accept the vaccine. Factors such as higher perceived risk, working directly with patients, and prior history of influenza vaccination were also associated with willingness to take the vaccine.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biswas et al.\u00a0(Apr 20, 2021). The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers. Journal of Community Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00984-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00984-3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37765\/ajmc.2021.88614\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Regulation of Provider Networks in Response to COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The American Journal of Managed Care (Mar 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04703-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mechanical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by House Flies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Parasites &amp; Vectors (Dec 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00984-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Community Health (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-021-00923-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Immunity after SARS-CoV-2 Infections<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Immunology (Apr 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5121\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular COVID-19 Test Gains First EAU for At-Home Use<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.5500\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 in Clinicians\u2014More Cases in Women, More Deaths in Men<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255465\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Policies for Easing COVID-19 Pandemic Travel Restrictions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.19.440481\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultrapotent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies with Protective Efficacy against Newly Emerged Mutational Variants<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BioRxiv (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.16.21255636\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estimating the Effect of Mobility on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission during the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Switzerland a Population-Based Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-021-05250-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPTAKE Study: Implications for the Future of COVID-19 Vaccination Trial Recruitment in UK and Beyond<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Trials (Dec 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.14.21255503\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Impact of Vaccination and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics in Switzerland<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00542-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Reviews Immunology (Apr 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.15.21255389\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage and Its Characteristics at an Outpatient Testing Site in Berlin Germany January-March 2021<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01328-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leave No One behind: Ensuring Access to COVID-19 Vaccines for Refugee and Displaced Populations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Medicine (Apr 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-87902-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Revealing the Spatial Shifting Pattern of COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Scientific Reports (Dec 19)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twenty-two possible breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections (infection \u226514 days after the second vaccine dose) were identified among skilled nursing facility staff and residents in the Chicago area. Most infections were asymptomatic. Two vaccinated residents were hospitalized, one resident died due to multiple concurrent infections, and no facility-associated secondary transmission occurred. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/04\/21\/the-nature-and-extent-of-covid-19-vaccination-hesitancy-in-healthcare-workers\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-9320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9320"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9344,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9320\/revisions\/9344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9320"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=9320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}