{"id":9540,"date":"2021-05-03T13:55:35","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T20:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=9540"},"modified":"2021-05-06T14:21:25","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T21:21:25","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-3-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/03\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-3-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report May 3, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 625 articles (571 published, 54 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/LitRep_20210503.docx.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Johnson &amp; Johnson\/Janssen vaccine showed a real-world effectiveness of <\/b><b>76.7% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection at least two weeks after vaccination among patients in the Mayo Clinic Health system, according to an analysis of data between February 27<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> and April 14<\/b><b>th<\/b><b>, 2021.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256193\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>College students in Washington State generally reported strong adherence to most CDC COVID-19 preventive behavioral guidelines, including mask-wearing and disinfecting surfaces, but <\/b><b>significantly underestimated the extent to which other, \u201ctypical\u201d young adults adhered to guidelines.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-021-00633-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>An analysis of B and T cell responses in healthcare workers who received one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine found that individuals with prior infection had enhanced T cell immunity and neutralizing antibodies effective against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants, while those without prior infection had reduced immunity against variants. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1282\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><b>Nearly half of patients with cancer in a study in France showed no anti-spike <\/b><b>antibody response four weeks after one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, with age older than 65 and chemotherapy treatment associated with no seroconversion.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.04.020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9544\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Individually Optimal Choices Can Be Collectively Disastrous in COVID-19 Disease Control<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A modeling study of noncompliance with measures aimed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission found that a portion of the population that is noncompliant can result <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in extensive endemic disease in the long-term after a return to pre-pandemic activity. Using game theory to assess whether noncompliance is perceived as beneficial to individuals, the authors found that for interventions that are effective at preventing disease spread, the consequences of noncompliance are more often borne by noncompliant individuals.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stoddard et al.\u00a0(Dec 30, 2021). Individually Optimal Choices Can Be Collectively Disastrous in COVID-19 Disease Control. BMC Public Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10829-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10829-2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9542\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Young Adults Underestimate How Well Peers Adhere to COVID-19 Preventive Behavioral Guidelines<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Young adult college students at the University of Washington (n = 539) reported strong adherence to most CDC COVID-19 preventive behavioral guidelines, including mask-wearing in public (97.5%) and cleaning high-touch surfaces (61.7%), but perceived significantly lower adherence among their peers for all 14 behaviors assessed, according to a survey conducted in September 2020. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Participants perceived the lowest adherence by their peers to avoiding social gatherings such as those at friends\u2019 houses (37.9%). Participants who felt that peers adhered more strongly to guidelines tended to self-report <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">more<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> adherence, while those who perceived peers\u2019 adherence to be lower also reported lower adherence to guidelines. The study found that overall, young adults significantly underestimated the extent to which other, \u201ctypical\u201d young adults adhered to guidelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Graupensperger et al.\u00a0(May 2021). Young Adults Underestimate How Well Peers Adhere to COVID-19 Preventive Behavioral Guidelines. The Journal of Primary Prevention. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-021-00633-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-021-00633-4<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9548\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Lower Household Transmission Rates of SARS-CoV-2 from Children Compared to Adults<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The household secondary attack rate (SAR = 0.15) among pediatric index cases under age 18 (n = 17) was significantly lower than the rate among 126 adult (SAR = 0.38) index cases, according to findings from a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">seroprevalence study among 150 households in Germany with at least one confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> since June 2020<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In 84 (56%) households, no transmission was detected, while in 35\/150 (23%) households, all <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">household <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">members were seropositive.\u00a0Households with children and adolescents were significantly less likely to have all seropositive household members compared to households without children.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Galow et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Lower Household Transmission Rates of SARS-CoV-2 from Children Compared to Adults. Journal of Infection. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.022\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.022<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9546\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Household Clustering of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012-01) in England<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a study in England of all sequenced positive SARS-CoV-2 test results between October 1 \u2013 December 15, 2020, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">odds of household clustering with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was 1.9-fold higher than with<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> wildtype virus, after adjusting for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ndex of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">M<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ultiple <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">eprivation, region of residence, time of testing, age<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> group, sex, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">race<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and ethnicity of the index case. Household clusters were defined as a sequenced index case followed by one or more laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases at the same private dwelling unit <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">within 14 days<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">igher odds of clustering were found in less deprived households and lower odds <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">when the index case was age 70 years or older.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chudasama et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Household Clustering of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012-01) in England. Journal of Infection. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.029\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.029<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Geographic Spread<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9550\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide Replication Drives Rapid Rise and Selection of Mutations across the Viral Genome: A Time-Course Study &#8211; Potential Challenge for Vaccines and Therapies<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A summary of circulating SARS-CoV-2 mutations in 383,570 complete sequences with known sampling dates in the Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) through April 5, 2021 showed that high incidence of COVID-19 often paralleled high numbers of new mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. The summary included data from ten countries: the United Kingdom, South\u00a0 Africa, Brazil, USA, India, Russia, France, Spain, Germany, and China. Among approximately 180 novel mutations, some previously reported mutations waned and some increased in prevalence over time, including the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, and P.1 and P.2 variants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weber et al.\u00a0(May 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide Replication Drives Rapid Rise and Selection of Mutations across the Viral Genome: A Time-Course Study &#8211; Potential Challenge for Vaccines and Therapies. EMBO Molecular Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202114062\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202114062<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">T<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">esting and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9552\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Different Rapid Antigen Detection Tests for COVID-19 in the Real-World Hospital Setting<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A comparison of the diagnostic performance of seven antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs, both lateral flow immunochromatographic tests and fluorescent immunoassay tests) in real-world hospital settings found a wide range of sensitivity estimates by test brand (range 66.0\u201393.8%) and cycle threshold (Ct) cut-off values (Ct &lt; 25: 96.2%; Ct 30-35: 31.1%), with an optimal Ct cutoff of 29 to maximize sensitivity. The authors concluded that routine use of these tests may be helpful in situations where high volumes of specimens are tested daily, but performance of commercially available tests may differ substantially.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bruzzone et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Different Rapid Antigen Detection Tests for COVID-19 in the Real-World Hospital Setting. International Journal of Infectious Diseases.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.072\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.072<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9566\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A case series of 12 patients in the US who experienced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with thrombocytopenia following the Johnson &amp; Johnson\/Janssen vaccine found that all patients were women under the age of 60 who began experiencing symptoms that required hospitalization between 6 and 15 days after vaccination. Seven patients had at least 1 CVST risk factor, including obesity (n\u2009=\u20096), hypothyroidism (n\u2009=\u20091), and oral contraceptive use (n\u2009=\u20091). Among 11 patients tested for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies, all were positive, and none had documented prior heparin exposure. As of April 12, 2021, reported outcomes were death (n\u2009=\u20093), intensive care unit (ICU) care (n\u2009=\u20093), non-ICU hospitalization (n\u2009=\u20092), and discharge to home (n\u2009=\u20094).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">See et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021. JAMA. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.7517\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.7517<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9560\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rescues B and T Cell Responses to Variants after First Vaccine Dose<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An analysis of B and T cell responses in healthcare workers who received one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed that individuals with prior infection had enhanced T cell immunity and neutralizing antibodies effective against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants, while those without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations resulted in increased or unchanged T cell responses depending on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. The authors concluded that one dose of the vaccine <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">achieves similar levels of S1 RBD binding antibodies to two doses in vaccinated individuals who had not been infected, and among individuals who had been infected and received one dose, the second dose offered no additional immune enhancement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reynolds et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rescues B and T Cell Responses to Variants after First Vaccine Dose. Science. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1282\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1282<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9558\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Remain Detectable 12 Months after Infection and Antibody Magnitude Is Associated with Age and COVID-19 Severity<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> An analysis of longitudinal serum samples collected from U.S. active <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">duty service members, dependents, and military retirees with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and March 2021 found 100% seropositivity among inpatients followed for six months (58\/58) to one year (8\/8). Sero<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">re<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">version was observed in 5% (9\/192) of outpatients six to ten months after symptom onset, and 18% (2\/11) of outpatients followed for one year. In both groups, the half-life of anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding-IgG responses was &gt;1000 days post-symptom onset. Older age was positively correlated with both higher IgG binding and neutralizing antibody levels, after controlling for COVID-19 hospitalization status.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laing et al.\u00a0(May 2, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Remain Detectable 12 Months after Infection and Antibody Magnitude Is Associated with Age and COVID-19 Severity. Pre-print downloaded May 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256207\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256207<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9556\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Weak Immunogenicity after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Vaccine in Treated Cancer Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly half of patients with cancer (CP) at a hospital in France showed no anti-spike <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">antibody response four weeks after one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while 100% of healthcare workers (HCW) vaccinated at the same time (between February 17 and March 18, 2021) had developed anti-spike antibodies (seroconversion). Anti-S IgG titers were also significantly higher in HCWs than among seropositive CPs (680\u00a0vs\u00a0315 UA\/mL).\u00a0Age older than 65 (aOR = 3.6) and chemotherapy treatment (aOR = 4.3) were associated with <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lack of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">seroconversion among CP. No symptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred between the two doses in either CPs or HCWs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Palich et al.\u00a0(Apr 2021). Weak Immunogenicity after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Vaccine in Treated Cancer Patients. Annals of Oncology. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.04.020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.04.020<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-9554\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Real-World Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Johnson &amp; Johnson\/Janssen vaccine showed a real-world effectiveness of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">76.7% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection at least two weeks after vaccination among patients in the Mayo Clinic Health system, according to an analysis comparing the infection rate among 2,195 individuals who received the vaccine to that among 21,950 unvaccinated, propensity-matched individuals between February 27<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and April 14<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 2021. Of 1,779 vaccinated individuals with at least two weeks of follow-up, only 3 (0.17%) tested positive on day 15 o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">r<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> later after vaccination compared to 128 of 17,744 (0.72%) unvaccinated individuals, corresponding to a 4.3-fold reduction <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in cumulative incidence<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The authors note that at the time of the study, there were not enough hospitalizations, ICU admissions, or deaths within th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> cohort to assess the effect of the vaccine on COVID-19 severity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Corchado-Garcia et al.\u00a0(Apr 30, 2021). Real-World Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for COVID-19. Pre-print downloaded May 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256193\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256193<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9568\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">US Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study of pediatric emergency department (ED) mental health (MH) visits found that although the mean number of monthly visits significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 339 to 261 visits per month), the proportion of ED visits for MH conditions significantly increased (from 4.0% to 5.7%). Data were collected from electronic medical records of 11,490 patients aged 5 to 24 years between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2021. Patients with ED MH visits before the pandemic were significantly more likely than those with visits after the pandemic to be female (56.8% to 62.6%), white (34.8% to 39.5%), and older than 12 years of age (70.7% to 77.6%). Patients with MH conditions presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher adjusted odds of hospital admission (aOR = 1.4), and the adjusted length of hospital stay was 3.4 days longer during the pandemic.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krass et al.\u00a0(Apr 30, 2021). US Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8533\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8533<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-9570\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Losses Averted With Every COVID-19 Infection Prevented in the United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Averting one SARS-CoV-2 infection among a representative US resident would generate an additional <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0.061 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (0.055 for the patient; 0.006 for the patient\u2019s family members) according to a probabilistic simulation model informed by CDC COVID-19 estimates.\u00a0 Preventing one infection would result in a total of 1.51 total QALYs gained over a long<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">er time<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> horizon of 15 months if the ongoing transmission from the index patient is included, though the analysis assumes that an effective vaccine is not available until <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">three months into the simulation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basu and Gandhay. (May 2021). Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Losses Averted With Every COVID-19 Infection Prevented in the United States. Value in Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2020.11.013\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2020.11.013<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00139-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade in Patients with COVID-19: Placing Clinical Trials into Context<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10885-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Heterogeneity of the COVID-19 Pandemic and National Responses: An Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMC Public Health (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00550-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prospects for Durable Immune Control of SARS-CoV-2 and Prevention of Reinfection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Reviews. Immunology (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hsw\/hlab007\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Social Workers and the National Strategy for the COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Health &amp; Social Work (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-021-00556-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Will SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Affect the Promise of Vaccines<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Reviews. Immunology (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01136-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018Unprecedented Achievement\u2019: Who Received the First Billion COVID Vaccinations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 29)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0262-4079(21)00671-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sputnik V Vaccine Goes Global<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 New Scientist (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-021-09198-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Review on the Immune Responses against Novel Emerging Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Immunologic Research (Apr 29)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n1127\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covid-19: Most People Admitted to Hospital after Vaccination Were Infected before Immunity Could Develop, Research Shows<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01190-w\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coronapod: The Inequality at the Heart of the Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01126-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can Cuba Beat COVID with Its Homegrown Vaccines<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (Apr 29)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8184\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Data-Driven Simulation of the Exposure Notification Cascade for Digital Contact Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 in Zurich, Switzerland<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA Network Open (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00978-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 Elimination, Not Mitigation, Creates Best Outcomes for Health, the Economy, and Civil Liberties<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.082\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Should Be Included in Childhood Vaccination Programs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 International Journal of Infectious Diseases (Apr)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001361\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estimating the Cumulative Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Infection Fatality Ratio in Light of Waning Antibodies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Epidemiology (Apr 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.28.21256237\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (May 2)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.30.441434\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N440K Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Has Higher Infectious Fitness<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BioRxiv (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n1124\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why Is India Having a Covid-19 Surge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.27.21256210\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Regional Differences in Physical Distancing Evaluating Racial and Socioeconomic Divides During the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (Apr 30)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11159-021-09889-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Crises Compounded: A High School Equivalency Context in the Time of a Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 International Review of Education (Apr 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Johnson &amp; Johnson\/Janssen vaccine showed a real-world effectiveness of 76.7% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection at least two weeks after vaccination among patients in the Mayo Clinic Health system, according to an analysis of data between February 27th and April 14th, 2021.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/03\/quality-adjusted-life-year-losses-averted-with-every-covid-19-infection-prevented-in-the-united-states\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-9540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9572,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9540\/revisions\/9572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9540"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=9540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}