{"id":9998,"date":"2021-05-25T14:46:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-25T21:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=9998"},"modified":"2021-05-27T14:59:49","modified_gmt":"2021-05-27T21:59:49","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-25-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/25\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-25-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report May 25, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 510 articles (491 published, 19 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/LitRep_20210524.docx.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Based on observational results from a large case control study, the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the B.1.617.2 variant of concern (first described in India) was 34% after the first dose and 88% after the second dose. By contrast, effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 variant was 51% after the first dose and 93% after the second dose. Two doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine showed 60% effectiveness against B.1.617 compared to 66% against B.1.1.7. Findings are based upon an analysis of 12,675 sequenced cases in England (92% of which are B.1.1.7).<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.22.21257658\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Breast cancer screenings within a large non-profit community health care system in Washington State declined by 49% during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 55,678 screenings between April to December 2019 to 27,522 screenings during the same period in 2020. Greater declines in screenings were observed among women belonging to racial\/ethnic minorities, those living in rural areas, and those who self-paid for treatment or were insured by Medicaid.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.10946\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>A total of 10,262 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough cases were reported to the CDC in the US as of April 30, 2021 among approximately 101 million fully vaccinated individuals (0.01%). More than 1 in 4 breakthrough infections were asymptomatic. Among the 10% of individuals with breakthrough infections who were hospitalized, more than 1 in 4 were either asymptomatic or were hospitalized for reasons not related to COVID-19. 64% of infections with sequence data available were caused by variants of concern.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7021e3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Estimated vaccine hesitancy in the US declined from 46% in October 2020 to 35% in March 2021 according to results across 7 waves of a large national cross-sectional study (n=7420). The largest declines in vaccine hesitancy were observed among Hispanic (52% to 37%) and Black participants (64% to 43%).<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.8246\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10000\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab was not associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality (HR=0.64, 95%CI 0.25-1.65) in a follow-up of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who were receiving oxygen but did not require high-flow or mechanical ventilation (n=130). However, in a subgroup analysis including participants with baseline C-reactive protein levels greater than 15 mg\/dL, 90-day mortality was 9% in the tocilizumab group and 35% the usual care group (HR, 0.18; 95%CI 0.04-0.89). The authors caution interpretation of the findings given the small sample size and narrow study criteria (patients with a WHO Cognitive Performance Scale score of 5 exactly and requiring at least 3 L\/min of oxygen).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mariette et al.\u00a0(May 24, 2021). Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. JAMA Internal Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.2209\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.2209<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10012\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Long-Lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells in Humans<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mean anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers exhibited a biphasic decay with a rapid decay during the first 4 months followed by a more gradual decline up to 11 months in an analysis of sera from 77 convalescent individuals, most of whom had recovered from mild COVID-19. Analysis of bone marrow aspirates collected at 7-8 months and at 11 months in a subset of participants showed that frequency of spike-specific bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) correlated with spike-specific antibody titers, compared to aspirates from healthy controls in which BMPCs were not detected.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Turner et al.\u00a0(May 24, 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Long-Lived Bone Marrow Plasma Cells in Humans. Nature. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03647-4<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10010\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Safety and Immunogenicity of Anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of 367 solid organ transplant recipients in France who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was 1.4% at baseline, 6.3% prior to the second dose, and 34% at 1 month after the second dose. The vaccines were well tolerated with only one serious adverse event reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marion et al.\u00a0(May 25, 2021). Safety and Immunogenicity of Anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants. Annals of Internal Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-1341\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-1341<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10008\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Persistent Symptoms After Acute Infection: A Case Series<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a case series of 36 participants from the UK with persistent COVID-19 symptoms 8 months after hospitalization, 71% of reported symptoms present prior to vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine were unchanged a median of 1 month after receiving the first dose. 23% of symptoms had improved, and 6% had worsened. Prior to vaccination, participants had a median of 4 symptoms across multiple organ systems, the most common of which were fatigue (75%)\u00a0 breathlessness (61%) and insomnia (53%). 72% of participants reported transient systemic effects after vaccination, including fever, myalgia, and headache. No difference in any outcome measure was identified across the vaccines received (Pifzer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arnold et al.\u00a0(May 25, 2021). Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Persistent Symptoms After Acute Infection: A Case Series. Annals of Internal Medicine. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-1976\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-1976<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10006\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Public Trust and Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the US From October 14, 2020, to March 29, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estimated vaccine hesitancy in the US declined from 46% in October 2020 to 35% in March 2021, according to an analysis of 42,154 survey responses from 7,420 participants in 7 waves of the probability-based Understanding America Study (UAS). Declines in hesitancy were observed across demographic groups and were largest among Hispanic (52% to 37%) and Black participants (64% to 43%). Concurrently, estimates of public trust in vaccination increased from a score of 1.7 on a 0-6 point scale in October 2020 to 3.1 in March 2021. Vaccine hesitancy as of March 2021 was highest among adults aged 18-39 years (44%), those without a college degree (43%), and households with an income of $50,000 or less (44%).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daly et al.\u00a0(May 24, 2021). Public Trust and Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the US From October 14, 2020, to March 29, 2021. JAMA. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.8246\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.8246<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10004\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC \u2014 United States, January 1\u2013April 30, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A total of 10,262 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough cases were reported to the CDC across the US as of April 30, 2021, out of approximately 101 million fully vaccinated individuals (0.01%). 27% of vaccine breakthrough infections were asymptomatic. Of the 10% of infected individuals who were hospitalized, of whom 29% were asymptomatic or hospitalized for reasons unrelated to COVID-19. 2% of infections resulted in death (median age 82 years), of whom 18% were asymptomatic or died due to reasons unrelated to COVID-19. Of the 555 breakthrough cases with sequence data, 356 (64%) were identified as variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (56%), B.1.429 (25%), B.1.427 (8%), P.1 (8%), and B.1.351 (4%). High levels of SARS-CoV-2 transmission were observed during the surveillance period, with approximately 355,000 COVID-19 cases reported nationally during the week of April 24\u201330, 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Birhane et al.\u00a0(May 25, 2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC \u2014 United States, January 1\u2013April 30, 2021. MMWR. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7021e3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7021e3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10002\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 Variant<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following 1 dose was 34% against the B.1.617.2 variant of concern (first described in India) compared to 51% against the B.1.1.7 variant in a case control analysis of 12,675 sequenced cases in England (92% B.1.1.7). Two-dose effectiveness was modestly lower, with 88% against the B.1.617.2 variant compared to 93% against the B.1.1.7 variant. Single-dose effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was similar to that of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, but 2-dose effectiveness was 60% against the B.1.617.2 variant compared to 66% against the B.1.1.7 variant. Vaccine breakthrough infections were 40% more likely to be caused by the B.1.617.2 variant in sequenced cases with 1 dose of any vaccine and 60% more likely in sequenced cases with 2 doses of any vaccine compared to sequenced cases in unvaccinated individuals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bernal et al.\u00a0(May 24, 2021). Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 Variant. Pre-print downloaded May 25 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.22.21257658\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.22.21257658<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10018\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Poor Nutritional Status, Risk of Sarcopenia and Nutrition Related Complaints Are Prevalent in COVID-19 Patients during and after Hospital Admission<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">73% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were at high risk of muscle tissue loss (sarcopenia) and 22% of patients experienced serious acute weight loss (&gt;5kg), according to a prospective observational cohort in the Netherlands conducted from April to December 2020 (n=407). Muscle tissue loss was defined as \u22654 points on the SARC-F questionnaire during hospitalization. The median length of in-hospital stay was 15 days and 85% were admitted to the ICU during hospitalization. The most commonly reported complaints were decreased appetite (58%), feeling of being full (49%), and shortness of breath (43%).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wierdsma et al.\u00a0(Apr 12, 2021). Poor Nutritional Status, Risk of Sarcopenia and Nutrition Related Complaints Are Prevalent in COVID-19 Patients during and after Hospital Admission. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.03.021\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.03.021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10016\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Efficacy of UV Light-Emitting Technology against Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Complete inactivation of coronaviruses on surfaces and in aerosols required at least 15 minutes within a maximum distance from the UV emitter up to 1 meter, according to a systematic review of 18 studies reporting on the efficacy of UV technologies against coronaviruses (n=6 against SARS-CoV-2). The authors noted significant heterogeneity among the studies in studied variables, such as viral medium and UV intensity used.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chiappa et al.\u00a0(May 20, 2021). The Efficacy of UV Light-Emitting Technology against Coronaviruses: A Systematic Review. Journal of Hospital Infection. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.05.005\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.05.005<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10014\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Post-COVID Syndrome in Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of smell, and loss of taste persisted in 9%, 10%, 12%, and 11%, respectively, in a cohort of 442 individuals with COVID-19 (mostly mild cases) who were followed up at 4 months post-infection in Germany. At least one of these characteristic symptoms was present in 123 participants at both the 4-month and 7-month follow-up. Risk of prolonged symptoms at 7 months post infection was associated with a lower level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, loss of smell, and diarrhea during the acute phase of the infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Augustin et al. (May 18, 2021). Post-COVID Syndrome in Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study. The Lancet Regional Health &#8211; Europe. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100122\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100122<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10020\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Socioeconomic and Racial Inequities in Breast Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Washington State<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Breast cancer screening declined by 49% in Washington State during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic screening, according to an analysis of completed mammograms within a large non-profit community health care system. 55,678 screenings were conducted between April to December 2019 whereas only 27,522 screenings occurred during the same period in 2020. Greater declines in screenings were observed among women who were Hispanic (64%), American Indian\/Alaska Native (61%), multiracial (56%), and other minorities compared to declines among white women (49%). Declines were greater among women living in rural vs urban areas as well as those who self-paid for treatment or were insured by Medicaid compared to those with commercial insurance or insured by Medicare.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amram et al.\u00a0(May 24, 2021). Socioeconomic and Racial Inequities in Breast Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Washington State. JAMA Network Open. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.10946\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.10946<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD015043\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vitamin D Supplementation for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (May 24, 2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-021-01062-z\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 Positivity by Ethnicity in Los Angeles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100286\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Subversion of Antibody Response and Predicted Impact on T Cell Recognition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Cell Reports. Medicine (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-06905-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patterns of Material Hardship and Food Insecurity Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of General Internal Medicine (May 23)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00241-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ensuring Fair Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines: Is an Intellectual Waiver the Answer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-1451\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Absence of Humoral Response After Two-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Case Series<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Annals of Internal Medicine (May 25)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100860\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 Vaccination: Helping the Latinx Community to Come Forward<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 EClinicalMedicine (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07481187.2021.1929571\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed Dying and Grief: Will There Be a Surge of Complicated Grief<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Death Studies (May 22)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34028823\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reciprocity and Liability Protections during the Covid-19 Pandemic \u2013 The Hastings Center Report (<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QMH.0000000000000323\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creating a Dedicated Pandemic Ambulatory Clinic: Lessons Learned From COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Quality Management in Health Care (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12273-021-0787-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Influence of Airtightness on Contaminant Spread in MURBs in Cold Climates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Building Simulation (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501327211018354\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Primary Care &amp; Community Health (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.20.21257520\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ACTIVATE-2 A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF BCG VACCINATION AGAINST COVID19 IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (May 24)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23744235.2021.1924397\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Putative Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Infectious Diseases (May 22)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/hs.2021.0041\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Preexisting Racial and Ethnic Disparities, and Results of an Integrated Safety Net Response in Arlington County, Virginia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health Security (May 21, 2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Based on observational results from a large case control study, the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the B.1.617.2 variant of concern (first described in India) was 34% after the first dose and 88% after the second dose. By contrast, effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 variant was 51% after the first dose and 93% after the second dose. Two doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine showed 60% effectiveness against B.1.617 compared to 66% against B.1.1.7. Findings are based upon an analysis of 12,675 sequenced cases in England (92% of which are B.1.1.7).<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/25\/socioeconomic-and-racial-inequities-in-breast-cancer-screening-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-washington-state\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-9998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9998"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10022,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9998\/revisions\/10022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9998"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=9998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}