{"id":119,"date":"2021-10-20T03:09:45","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T03:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/?p=119"},"modified":"2022-01-14T20:50:43","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T20:50:43","slug":"grad-publication-stephanie-crofts-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/2021\/10\/20\/grad-publication-stephanie-crofts-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Grad Publication: Stephanie Crofts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 There is an arms race between hard-shelled prey and their predators, an arms race that has been going on for quite some time now.\u00a0\u00a0Most of the work that has been done on this system has focused on how shelled organisms avoid being eaten: they invade new niches, they grow spines, and overall just make themselves unappetizing.\u00a0\u00a0But what about the predators?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 In the paper that my advisor, Adam Summers, and I just published, we asked the question: why are durophagous teeth (teeth that crush hard-prey items) shaped the way they are?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0You would think this would be pretty straightforward, especially looking through the literature where most hard-prey crushing teeth are described in generally similar terms. They\u2019re molariform, or rounded, or bulbous–but that doesn\u2019t really get at the diversity.\u00a0\u00a0In fact, crushing teeth can also be flat, concave, or even cusped!\u00a0\u00a0So, to see if some teeth break shells better than others, we made aluminum tooth models and used them to crush some very special shells.\u00a0
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Instead of using actual snail shells, which come in different sizes, can have different material properties, and usually com<\/a>e with a snail inside them, we used a 3D printer to make our shells.\u00a0\u00a0Modeled on local intertidal snails from Friday Harbor Labs, the 3D printed shells allowed us to eliminate variation due to natural history, while still maintaining all of the external and internal shell anatomy.\u00a0\u00a0It also allowed us to make two very differently sized snails the same size.\u00a0\u00a0Then we used a materials testing machine to crush the 3D printed shells and measured the force different theoretical tooth shapes needed to break them.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0We found that flat teeth and cupped teeth aren\u2019t as good at breaking hard prey as pointier teeth are.\u00a0\u00a0But, pointed teeth are at a greater risk of being broken by the prey.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Unfortunately, we don\u2019t see many hard-prey crushing teeth with long pointy cusps\u2026 they break!  Next step: figure out which shapes break less than others.
      Check out the video to see the crush in action! (Be patient…)
And here’s the paper<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 There is an arms race between hard-shelled prey and their predators, an<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[22],"class_list":["post-119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publications","category-scipos"],"authors":[{"term_id":22,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"scipos","display_name":"SciPos","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0bb1f4cb5ff99dd034602ced0e2534fc.png","url2x":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0bb1f4cb5ff99dd034602ced0e2534fc.png"},"author_category":"","user_url":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/","last_name":"","first_name":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions\/120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/scipos\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}