| 2.) What is the difference between a low imperforate anus and a high imperforate anus?
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Low anomaly: the orifice is visible at perineum in an abnormal location or partially covered in normal location. The perineal and gluteal muscles are usually well developed and sacral vertebral anomalies are rare.
High anomaly: a fistula connection exists to urethra or bladder neck (males) or upper vagina (females). In about 10% the rectum ends blindly with no fistula. Often the pelvic and gluteal musculature is deficient, sacral anomalies are present, and the prognosis for continence is poor.
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