Sue Alfred (Wilat)

Length of interview:  0:39:45
Translation by Beatrice Morris, Lillian Morris and Sharon Hargus.
Transcription mostly by
Sharon Hargus.

LM: Sharon, you should have put this one, "depression years",

1. c'ide'dzikh naazdegh'oh de''olh---lhikëdïzdegh,right?
   long time agothey sufferedback thenthey travelled
   'a long time ago when people were suffering and travelling around'

2. SH: hmm

LM:

3. yelhdicy'ik'iweyïggiz"depressionyears"?
   languageit wasn't written on it
   'the words "depression years" weren't written on it (interview questions)'

4. SH: You can add that, yeah.

LM:

5. C'ide'wighewilne'tl'ikëdïziwhlhdeghskakhiwhlï?
   long time agoit's difficultandyou pl. traveledchildyou pl. are
   'Was it hard when you guys were traveling around, when you were young?'

6. SA: yeah

LM:

7. `Awitsicudiwhlhye?
   stillyou pl. know it
   'You still remember it?'

SA:

8. Siy'ohwileghewdïnzitde',yin k'ëszit.
   Iaround thenit was all overin the pastI was born
   'It was all over when I was born.'

9. LM: oh

SA:

10. ho'ints'iy
    however
    'however'

11. LM: 1930?

12. SA: '39

13. LM: '39?

14. 'Etlhdu'depression yearseh?
    thenso that
    'So those were depression years, eh?'

15. SA: yeah

16. LM: oh

SA:

17. Niwhbeptabïlhatwighineyetëlhdic.
    our dadreallymany timesabout ithe spoke out
    'My dad used to talk about it a lot.'

18. They called it the hungry thirties.

LM:

19. Tabïdzikh naazdegh'oh de''eh?
    reallythey sufferedback then
    'They had a hard time, eh?'

SA:

20. Dad came here as Gitksan in 1932 and he highly talked on the depression years, the

21. first and second world war. We didn't see the first. We saw the end

22. of the second.

[police scanner comes on]

...

SH:

23. Keyikh Wigit'etyin k'ënïnzit?
    Witsëtthereyou were born
    'Were you born in Witset?'

24. SA: mi'

25. 'EyKeyikh Wigit'etyin k'ëszit.
    itWitsëtthereI was born
    'Yes, I was born in Witset.'

LM:

26. Dï wik'ë---

SA:

27. Sbepyin k'ësëlhtiy.
    my fatherhe delivered me
    'My dad delivered me.'

28. LM: delivered you? (gasp)

SA:

29. Tosik'itsbïtisilhghiz,bin'tabïbin',udoh hozilh'et,'it'ënk'ëtsn(et)alggeyhwitsëhde'.
    waterit's coldin ithe bathed meearlyveryearlyearly morningthenworktohe will run backbefore
    'He gave me a bath in cold water early in the morning before he went back to work.'

SA:

30. 'Et'awhnewekwindilhk'ac.
    therearound therehe hasn't kindled fire
    'He hadn't built a fire yet.'

31. Yikhhozk'its.
    in houseit's cold
    'It was cold in the house.'

32. Tosik'itsbïtisilhghiz.
    waterit's coldin ithe bathed me
    'He gave me a bath in the cold water.'

33. 'Enggak'ayhiclhtis.
    that's whynowI'm strong
    'That's why I'm strong now.'

34. SH: mi', ïlhtis

35. LM: interview with Sue Alfred, November 12, 2007.

SH:

36. Oh,what was that,"climate change"witsëhde'dïnï'
    previouslyyou said
    'What was it you said for "climate change" previously?"

37. LM: "climate change"

38. SA: oh,

39. "yin kakulïts'in'awiditëzit"..."climatechange".
    worlddifferentit's becoming'
    'the world is becoming different.'

...

40. Niwhbepniwhilhnï,"nis widïzilhwika tsëuhlï'."
    our fatherhe told usin the futurewatch out
    'Our dad told us to watch out for it later on.'

41. Ulïts'in'aggec'iwitadzïlh.
    differentjustit'll be
    'It's going to be different.'

42. Nishon'ën'tl'iniwhghonye.
    futurehe sawandhe left us
    'He foresaw it before he left us.'

43. K'ay'ohiy yeghts'ëdilh,'ohiy yeghwidïzilh.
    nowover therewe're goingover thereit's time
    'And that's what we're going through now.' %'And that's how we are living today, around that time now.'

44. LM: So he knew about it eh?

45. SH: Mi'. Bïwnigit.

LM:

46. GenSharondïyi'eyquestions'adicyik'eyïnggiz.
    herethisthatshe herselfshe wrote them
    'Sharon wrote these questions herself.'

47. Tsëh,'eyc'iyehtsiydiknïnyikhde'c'iyehtsiydeendzïn'?
    firstitbirdupyou're growingback thenbirdhow were they
    'When you were growing up, how were the birds?'

48. Dit'ay,khikh,dïlh,ts'encowewilew hoonïnlï'lic?
    duckgoosecraneswanare becoming less(yes/no q)
    'Are the ducks, geese, cranes, swans declining?'

49. 'Etwighidec'enïnzin?
    thatwhat do you think about it
    'What do you think about that?'

SA:

50. C'idetabïhiley,c'iyehtsiylhawhhidïdikh.
    in the pastreallythey are manybirdmany kindsthey are different kinds
    'In the past there were all kinds of birds.'

51. K'aykhikhhibaatnïwilïhde'khikhtl'a,ts'[en] cohibuzï'nt'ënenïsdzïl'enï.
    nowgoosethey call themmaybein the pastgooseandswantheir nameI can't rememberthey
    'Now there are geese, and I've been trying to remember their names.' %Goose...can't remember their names.'

52. Tabïhileyde'c'ide'.
    verythey are manyin the pastin the past
    'There was lots of them way back.'

53. Sokhdïndzinhileyde','enïwihwewilew hozlï''awit.
    robinfor examplethey are manyin the pasttheytoothey're extinctnow
    'There used to be lots of robins, but now they too are all gone.'

54. Tl'iggïbluebirdyinkadinï' k'in'abuzïnt'ënenïsdzïl,'enïwihts'iyewhwewilew hozlï'.
    andthatin Witsuwit'en its nameI can't remembertheytooallthey're extinct
    'And the bluebirds, which I can't remember the Witsuwit'en name of, are all gone now too.'

55. Bluebird'inucniwhk'in'abudiclhyebutbuzï''int'ënenïsdzïl.
    we ourselvesin our languageI know itit's nameI can't remember
    'I know what they call bluebird in our language but I can't remember it.'

56. LM: blue jay

57. SA: no.

LM:

58. 'Enwih'awitwewilew.
    ittoonoware gone
    'They (blue jays) are gone too now.'

59. Dzilhk'its'awwinïeh,dic'ah?
    mountainonjustthere arein wilderness
    'They're just on the mountain and out in the wilderness, right?'

60. Blue jayin Burns Lake"dzilhtse'alh"hibaalhnï,blue jay?
    mountainpillowthey call them
    'In Burns Lake they call them dzilh tse'alh.'

61. SA: I don't know

LM:

62. Tl'ibluebird'enbuzï'bits'udiclhye'.
    anditits nameI don't know it
    'I don't know the Witsuwit'en name of bluebird.'

SA:

63. Budiclhyede'buzï'nt'ënenïsdzïl.
    I know itin the pastits nameI can't remember
    'I used to know it but I can't remember it now.'

64. LM: So there's a question mark on that.

SA:

65. In the 60s'oh de''awitwewilew hoonïnlï'.
    back thenthenthey're starting to disappear
    'The sixties is when they were almost all gone.'

66. SH: mhm

SA:

67. 'Et wileghts'ihibuzï''int'ënenïsdzïl.
    that's whytheir namesI can't remember
    'That's why I can't remember their names.'

68. Sokhk'idzehibudiclhyetl'a,c'it'ohts'iy.
    robinthenI know themandblack-capped chickadee
    'Robin and chickadee are the ones I know.' %4:14

69. LM: Okay, she answered all that question for this one.

70. SH: Mhm, uh, how about

71. Nduc'iyehts'iywitside'wesëwh'ën'k'aydohwinï?
    whatbirdpreviouslyyou pl. don't seenowaround herethere are
    'What kind of birds did you not see that are around now?'

LM:

72. Ts'iyetsiclhighewh'indzin.
    everythingsameit is
    'Everything (written here) is the same.'

73. "Nduc'iyehts'iywitside'wesëwh'ën'k'aydohwinï?"nïwihin'itnï.
    whatbirdpreviouslyyou don't seenowaround herethere areit says(focus)she's saying
    "'What birds were around before that you don't see now?'" that's what she's saying.'

SA:

74. Dicc'ide'c'iyehts'iylhayts'ën'ën',tl'ik'aydik'isso'wewilew hozlï'.
    welllong time agobirdmanywe sawandnowinsteadthey're gone
    'A long time ago we used to see lots of birds and now they're all gone.'

75. Ts'e'inc'iyehts'iywets'ës'ën'.
    not manybirdwe don't see
    'We don't see too many birds.'

76. Wihts'iyewhwewilew hoonïnlï'.
    alsoallthey're starting to disappear
    'They're all gone.'

LM:

77. Tl'ik'aygen'eykwalhok,genc'ik'iyizggiz.
    andnowhereitfishhereshe wrote it
    'Now here she wrote "fish".'

78. Sa' hon'a',skakïnlïde',lhoklhaylic,lhok?
    long time agochildyou arein the pastfishthere are many(yes/no question)fish
    'A long time ago when you were little was there lots of fish?'

SA:

79. Diyiklic'iwidïnï?
    canyon(yes/no Q)you mean
    'You mean down in the canyon?'

LM:

80. Tabïlhayïnlï'.
    verymanyit was
    'There used to be lots.'

SA:

81. Yeah,c'ide'lhoktabïlhay.
    in the pastfishreallythey are many
    'In the past there were lots of fish.'

82. 'Eywihhiyghec'olïc'ide'.
    ittoothey watch themin the past
    'They used to watch them.'

83. Hiyghinwewilhyek'awitoz'ay.
    they don't play with themat any old time
    'They don't play around with them haphazardly.'

84. Lhayweeslec.
    manythey don't take
    'They don't take out excessive numbers (more than they need).'

85. Dïlhtisnïtsëhts'iyewhhibighec'aalïhmbïyuhibic'e' honlïdiyik.
    eldersfirstallthey give themwhoever (pl.)they owncanyon
    'They give some to the elders, those who own the canyon (fishing sites).'

86. Tl'ik'is nts'ëwhlhok mbïlhsile'etts'iyewhhibic'e' honlïk'idzehibitac'aalïh.
    andanywherefishnetsitethenallthey ownthenthey distribute to them
    'They used to give them (the first catch) to all the people who own (the fishing sites).'

87. K'idzehiyïlhcic'awitoz'ayweeyïlhcot,taloktl'a,dedzikhtl'a,ggïs.
    thenthey take themat any old timethey don't take themsockeyeandcohoandspring salmon
    'They don't just take them, sockeye and coho and spring salmon (they give them to the owners first).'

88. C'ide'niwhtside'nïtabïdiyikwighec'olïh.
    long time agoour ancestorsreallycanyonthey would watch it
    'Our ancestors really used to watch the canyon.' %ancestors had own laws for the canyon

89. K'aydiwewist'ën'tl'a,nïdok'in'aneodït'ën'wileghts'i.
    nowwe don't do thatandwhite peoplelikestarted to be likebecause
    'Now we don't do that because we're starting to be just like white people.' %now not the same as before

90. K'aynduts'i'alhnïlhok'awitwelew silï'.
    nowwhatthat which we eatfishnowit's gone
    'The fish that we eat now is all gone.'

91. Nïdohiynilhyekhtahwi'aayilh'iwtl'iggï,totahwinïggïlhok.
    white peoplethey're raising themwhentoothey're doing to themandthatwaterinthere arethatfish
    'The fish that the white people raising are in the water too.'

92. Niyekh hin'adichiniyekhnïts'iyewhwewilew hoonïnlï',ggïnïdohibaanilhyekhnïggïyubilhhibaanilhyekhwileghts'i.
    the one that growsby itselfthose which growallthey're disappearingthatwhite peoplethe ones they raisethatchemicalwith itthey raise thembecause
    'The non-farmed ones are starting to disappear now, because the ones the white people raise have some chemical in them.'

93. Ggïk'ayts'ita'ilhnï?
    thatnowthe ones we will eat
    'What do we eat now?'

94. Ts'iyewhhoo'c'itsiy silï'tl'a,lhokwihwelew honïnlï'.
    allnoit became badandfishtoothey're disappearing
    'They're all no good now and the fish are all going now.'

95. LM: She's answered all of this.

96. Nts'ëwh dzïnlhoktilwis,sa'on'a',tl'ik'ay'etmbedeondzin?
    what dayfishrunlong time agoandnowthatfor youhow is it
    'What time of year did the fish start running a long time ago and now how is it for you?'

97. Wighidec'enïnzin,tsëhlhoktilwis?
    what do you think about itfirstfishit runs
    'What do you think about the first fish run?'

SA:

98. Ggïs'enMaymonth,end of May'ethitidilh.
    spring salmonitthenthey start to run
    'The spring salmon start running at the end of the May.'

99. Talok'enï'aat'iwtl'a,wilhnetsanin,gïstatsanin'et'enïhitidilhJunemonth.
    sockeyetheythey doandnextmonthsixmonththentheythey start to run
    'The sockeye start to run the next month, in June.'

100. Tl'iJuly,first weekJuly,'et 'awitts'iyewhhodilh.
     andthenallthey run
     'Then in July they're all finished.'

101. Tl'ik'ayso''etdiwest'ën'.
     andnowthatit doesn't do
     'That's not happening now.'

102. 'Awitcënunis ïlhghilh'et k'idzehitidilh.
     nowsummerlatethenthey run
     'Now they run pretty late in the summer.'(past the month they normally run) %8:20

103. Hibilhhotalt'ikh'ohti'aat'iyh.
     with themhigh water goesaround therewhen they do
     'Sometimes they go right by in the high water.'

104. Ggïto'elhitsdik'it'iyhtl'a,lhëtl'isto.
     thatwaterpermanentlyupit ismudwater
     'The water is high and it's dirty.'

105. Tl'ihibilhhontanilt'aghtl'a,k'ayc'ide'k'in'a'iwewidzinhozlï'.
     andwith themhigh water goesandnowin the pastlikeit isn'tit became
     'And they'll probably go right through the water now, not like in the past.' %hibilh to nilt'agh

LM:

106. Nts'ëwhyis k'itts'ëlkiy'lhaytsin'diyik?
     whenyeareelthere are lotsdownhill therecanyon
     'What time of the year are there lots of eels in the canyon?'

SA:

107. Skakhislïde''awit8 years old,9 years old'etts'iyeninhibïs'ën'.
     childI amwhenthenthenlast timeI saw them
     'The last time I saw them was when I was eight or nine years old.'

108. LM: hmm

SA:

109. Stso'ntsin'diyiklhok mbe yikhhoolh'ay.
     my maternal grandmotherdownhill therecanyonsmokehousethey have it
     'My grandmother they had a smokehouse down there.'

110. Tso''etwit'iydilhtsenbilhAlec TiljoeChief Namox,'ethiwit'iy,cën.
     maternal grandmotherthereshe livesher brotherwith hertherethey livesummer
     'My grandmother and her brother Alec Tiljoe used to live down there.'

111. Schooloffts'enlï'etwih'anu'ethibilhts'iwit'iy.
     we arethenalsowetherewith themwe live
     'When we were off school we used to live there with them too.'

112. Hiylhok hiyka 'it'ahtl'ahibilegh 'its'it'ah.
     they fish for themandwe help them
     'They go fishing and we help them.'

113. K'ayold handicraftwiyiggit'etNamoxhibilhok bin yikhsiystso'wihAnnie Michell.
     nowfurther below theretheretheir smokehouseImy maternal grandmotheralso
     'Just below the handicraft store is where my grandmother Annie Michell's smokehouse was.'

114. 'Etggï'eyts'iyeninïs'ën'.
     thatthatitlast timeI saw it
     'That's when I last saw them (eels).'

115. LM: hmm

116. 'Oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'it?
     back thenwhenyear
     'What year was that?'

SA:

117. Ts'ëlkiy'hiyilhnï.
     eelthey call it
     'They call them ts'ëlkiy'.'

118. LM: Yeah. what year was that?

119. SA: oh. 19---, must be 1950, '48, '50

120. LM: Hmm!

121. Okay,dï'awitlha'digegh,ts'ëlkiy'.
     thisnowit's finishedeel
     'Now the eels are finished.'

122. C'olilh,c'olilhgenc'ik'iyizggiz,springtime.
     springtimehereshe wrote it
     'She wrote the same questions about springtime.'

123. Same questions.

124. Nts'ëwhdzilhk'ityisulït?
     whenmountainonsnowit melts
     'When does the snow melt in the springtime?'

SA:

125. K'aytl'i k'isc'ide'?
     nowversusin the past
     'Now versus the past?'

LM:

126. C'ide'tl'a,
     in the pastand
     'in the past and'

127. SA: c'ide'

LM:

128. Tl'ik'aybilh wighilhdiyï''oondzin.
     andnowdifferent from itit is
     'It's different now.'

129. So'lhk'in'a'iwewidzin.
     like each otherit isn't
     'It's not the same.'

SA:

130. C'ide'end of Aprilk'idzeyisulic.
     in the pastfinallysnowit melts
     'In the past the snow was all gone at the end of April.'

131. Sanin'etwide'wozï'hoolh'ay,gwi'eywihbinewdïzigilnikh,c'olilh.
     monththenalsoits namethey have itittooI forgot itspringtime
     y had a name for each month that too I forgot it \glt 'There was a name for the month too but I forgot that too.'

132. Aprilbinin'ethoc'onïlic.
     monththenit starts to melt
     'In April the snow starts melting.'

133. Tl'iggïdzilhk'ityis'awit'et dïndzinMay'ohiy yegh.
     andthatmountainonsnowthenfor examplearound then
     'And on the mountain there's still snow around May.'

134. 'Eyc'ide'nïdzilhhiynïlh'ën'eybighewhggïlhokdïndzinyohnit'aydïndzin.
     itold-timersmountainthey look at ititaccording to itthatfishthey are thusdown thereberrythey are thus
     'They look up on the mountain and they go by that, to tell when the fish (are running) and the berries (are ready).'

135. 'Eywihyiswelewlhëkh'et 'awitlhokhitidilh.
     ittoosnowit's goneit becomesthenfishit starts to run
     'When the snow is all gone, that's when the fish starts running.'

136. 'Ey'ohnïdok'in'awicalendarhoolh'ay,c'ide'nï.
     itaround thenwhite peopleliketheir calendarthey have itold-timers
     'The old-timers had a calendar just like the white people.

137. Wininhoolh'ay.
     monththey have it
     'They keep the months (of the year).' %Winin, with the calendar.'

138. 'Alha''idisnïwinin?
     rightI'm saying itmonth
     'Am I right, the months (of the year)?'

139. LM: mi'

140. SA: season

LM:

141. C'olilh'oh de'tadilbïh.
     springtimeback themit floods
     'The water rises back then.'

142. 'Awitsiclicudïlhye?
     still(yes/no Q)you know it
     'Do you still remember (it)?'

SA:

143. Yeah,tadilt'aghyeah.
     it floods
     'Yes, it floods.'

144. So'k'ay,k'ayk'in'a'iwewidzin,c'ide'.
     nowlikeit is notin the past
     'Now is not like it was.'

145. Totilt'akhMay,early May'iwit'iyh.
     waterit starts to floodit does
     '(Back then) there was high water in early May.'

146. 'Et 'awitend of May'et 'awitto,lhëtl'istotahwihts'iyewhwelew lhëkh.
     thenthenwatermudwaterinalsoallit disappears
     'By the end of May all the muddy water had changed.'

147. Ts'iyewhhotalt'ikhtl'itoyik'inet'iyh.
     allhigh water goesandwaterdownit does again
     'The water went back down.'

148. K'ay'et diwewist'ën'.
     nowit doesn't do that
     'Now it's not like that.'

149. YeghJuly'ohiy yeghggïto'indzohlhëtl'istonïnlï'awit'et dïndzin.
     therearound thenthatwaterjustmudwaterit flowsthenit is that way
     'Around July you can still see muddy water flowing.'

150. Canto'eybï'iwit'iw.
     rainwaterthatwith itit's doing
     'The rain water is what's doing it.'

151. C'ide'so'hots'in'acanto'iwest'ën'.
     in the pastlike thatrainwaterit doesn't do
     'It wasn't raining like that in the past.'

152. 'Eywihcantobininwinïde'.
     ittoorainwaterits monththere isin the past
     'There was a rainy month too in the past.' %March rainy month

153. K'ayho'ggec.'Is---k'is 'aw nts'ëwh'ohtabïcantonedïtl'ictl'a,niwhilhnitalt'agh.
     nownothingwheneveraround therereallyrainwaterit fallsandon usit floods
     'Now rain comes any time and the water gets high now any time.' %12:45

LM:

154. Nts'ëwhyis k'itt'ighisbit'anwilhëkh,c'olilh?
     whenyearcottonwoodtheir leavesthey becomespringtime
     'What time of the year do the cottonwood leaves come out?'

155. 'Eywigenc'ik'iyizggiz.
     ittoohereshe wrote it
     'She wrote that here too.'

156. SA: t'ighis

LM:

157. T'ighisbit'anwilhëkh.
     cottonwoodtheir leavesbecome
     'The cottonwood leaves come out.'

158. SA: first week in May

...

159. K'ay'et'its'igegh,June,June'ohiyïlhghilh'awitu'in ïlhghilhk'idzebit'anwilhëkh.
     nowthatit happened to usaround thenmonth passesthenway past timefinallytheir leavesbecome
     'Now it's way past June when we get leaves.'

LM:

160. Tabïlatesilï'eh?
     veryit became
     'It's very late, right?'

161. SA: mi'

LM:

162. Genlhk'iyquestion'eykwacën,sa'ona'cënwidiggïdik'isnewilhtiyh?
     hereanotheritalsosummerlong time agosummerit's dryorit's raining
     'Here's another question about summer, long time ago was summer dry or was it raining?'

SA:

163. c'ide'
     in the past
     'in the past'

164. LM: mi'

SA:

165. C'ide'so'cënhonzuJulytl'iAugustmonth.
     in the pastreallysummerit's niceand
     'In the past it was really nice in July and August.'

166. Tl'o'il'ahbininhiwitnïgwah,tl'o'aalh'ah.
     hayit's doneits monththey call ithaythey do
     'They used to call it the hay-making month.'

167. Tl'iyiwhiyta'ilhnï'aayilh'ën'hiynin holh'ay.
     andaround therethey will eatthey prepare itthey keep month
     'They prepared what they were going to eat during those months.'

168. So'cantowets'ës'ën'cën,'oh'ohiy yeghholhghilh.
     rainwaterwe don't see itsummeraround thenaround thenit passes
     'We didn't really see any rain around then.'

169. Ggï,tabïïhasadinuctl'iwinilwis.
     thatreallysun shinesandit's hot
     'It used to be really sunny and hot.'

170. Tl'ik'ayho'ggec.
     andnowno
     'Now it's not.'

171. Ggïcantotabï'igeghtl'a,cën'et doolhyizwits'oozk'its.
     thatrainwaterreallyit doesandsummerthat longit's cold because of that
     'There's a lot of rain and it's cold all summer.'

172. Nïnts'iywibï'oogeghso'c'ide'hots'in'anïnts'iywets'ës'ën'.
     windtoowith itit happenedin the pastlike thatwindwe don't see
     'And there's wind too, which we didn't see in the past.'

173. Tilhts'iyïnts'iyFebruary'ohiy yeghbinin.
     it's windyevenaround thenits month
     'Even if there is a wind it's usually in February.' %14:42

174. ti--- tits'iy--- talh---,Tilhts'iyhahhiwitnïc'ide'.
     it's windy(focus)they call itin the past
     'They call it tilhts'iy in the past.'

175. 'Eyhiynin holh'ay'eyyists'iyewhbilhhots'iyh'ey.
     itthey keep monthitsnowallwith itit blows offit
     'It blows all the snow away then.'

176. 'Eyzihde'buzdïlhyek'ayho'ggec.
     itjustin the pastwe know itnownothing
     'We used to know that but now there's nothing like that.'

177. 'Awitsaninïlhghilhwighewhho---ggïnïnts'iytabï 'igegh.
     nowmonthit passesaccording to itthatwindit's strong
     'The months go by and the wind is strong (any time of year).' %'By the month the wind is getting worse.'

LM:

178. Sa'ona'tl'ik'aywits'inggïc'ikwahtl'i k'isbints'iyewhyikho'oonïgegh.
     long time agoandnowup to itthatriverorlakealldownit started to go
     'A long time ago and up to now the rivers (springs) and lakes were starting to going down.'

179. 'Etwighidec'enïnzin?
     thatwhat do you think about it
     'What do you think about it?'

180. So'c'ide'k'in'a'iwewidzin,tots'iyewhyikho'oonïgegh.
     in the pastlikeit isn'twateralldownit started to go
     'It isn't like in the past, when the water started to go down.'

SA:

181. Yeah,'et doogegh.
     that happening
     'Yeah, it's happening.'

182. Yiwnisilïyezts'iyewhditsicyenwidïzggï'oh tah.
     therethey flowlittleallentirelythey dried outaround there
     'All the springs are all dried.'

183. Ggït'ak'ëtggïnïdoYinkadinï'k'in'asteelhead'int'ënenïsdzïlhiniyekh.
     thatautumnthatwhite peopleIndigenousin language oftësdlïI don't rememberthey're growing
     'In the fall the steelhead are growing.'

184. Spawning ground'ettiwitsicyenwidïzggï'awit.
     thereeverythey all driednow
     'The fish spawning grounds are all drying out now.'

LM:

185. Sa'on'a'nit'aydendzin?
     long time agoberryhow are they
     'A long time ago how were the berries?'

186. Tabïliclhay,dik'ists'e'in welew?
     really(yes/no Q)manyornot many
     'Were there lots or not too many?'

187. 'Etyinwighidec'enïnzin,nit'ay?
     thatyouwhat do you think about itberry
     'What do you think about it?'

188. SA: yeah

189. C'ide'ggïdigïtl'a,yintimï'tl'ibïyolhggikwtl'indu'isliklhayde'.
     in the pastthathuckleberryandlow-bush blueberryandraspberryandwhat(trying to remember)there are manyin the past
     'In the past there were lots of huckleberries, blueberries and raspberries.'

190. Tabïlhay.
     reallylots
     'There were lots and lots.'

191. 'Elhohnec'aanït'ikhggïkëkwinc'ide'nikhëlhts'ilhdïlh'aghyents'idilhbin.
     one timeit is timethatdurable boxin the pastwe pack aroundquicklywe fill them
     'In no time we filled up those boxes we packed around.'

192. Niwists'iyewhtabïlhay,tl'ik'ayho'ggec'eywihwelew honïnlï'.
     soapberryallreallylotsandnownotitalsoit's disappearing
     'There were lots of soapberries, and now there's hardly any of that too.'

193. Yohnts'ëwhnit'aywinïnits'idïlhditsicwihts'iyewhwelew honïnlï',k'ay.
     therewhenberrythere arewe go aroundentirelyalsoallis disappearingnow
     'Where we go berry picking now there's nothing.'

194. C'ide'k'in'a'iwewidzin.
     in the pastlikeit isn't
     'It's not like in the past.'

LM:

195. Nïlhdze',nïlhdze'khëlhc'itiwhdilh,c'oniwhyïn?
     long waysyou pl. are packingyou pl. pick
     'Did you pack a long ways when you picked?' %check: -dilh?

SA:

196. Yeah,ggïkëkwinbïnikhëlhc'its'idïlhggïk'adiclhk'inents'iyiggiz.
     thatdurable boxin itwe packthattumplinewe tie them
     'We used to pack those boxes with a tumpline tied around them.'

197. Tso'niwhbedïkhëlhyilïhggï,doso'iyilhnï.
     maternal grandmotherfor usshe packs them upthatgunny sackshe calls it
     'Grandmother used to pack them up for us in a gunny sack.' %SA says ghelh

198. Ggïk'adiclhyïnïdiggiztl'iggïkëkwin'eyde'c'ide'hiyïgasnilïde',square.
     thattumplineties itandthatdurable boxitin the pastin the pastthey with itare packingin the past
     'They used to tie them with that tumpline and carry gas around with it.'

199. LM: mhm

SA:

200. 'Eydïdut'ën,'ey.
     itthisit looks likeit
     'It looks like this.'

201. Nt'ayyents'idilhbin,four gallon,këkwin.
     berrieswe fill themdurable box
     'We used to fill up a four gallon box with berries.'

202. Nïlhdze'nikhëlhts'ilhdïlh.
     long wayswe pack
     'We packed a long ways.'

203. So',ggitk'aycarbïhats'eltlikhtl'i'iwets'ist'ën'.
     therenowin itwe jump outandwe don't do
     'We didn't just jump out of the car and do it.'

204. Yi'eyïzlhiydinec'aalïhtl'a,'eybïtie'ohnïnikwiztl'inindic'ahnïlhdze'.
     ithorsethey harnessanditwith itaround thereparkandover therein wildernesslong ways
     'They used to harness the horses, then stop and tie them up and go way out in the bush (for berries).' %3:02 track 3

205. K'ayhots'in'ade'wik'inïnenïszit.
     nowlike thatin the pastI think about it
     'That's how I remember it.'

LM:

206. Bilikhnïnïcaanilyïh.
     some peoplethey camp
     'Sometimes people stay overnight.'

SA:

207. Yeahnicaanilyï'.
     they camp
     'Yes, they camped.'

208. 'Etwide''its'it'iwnicaznilyï',ninParrot Lakewi'ints'ahtl'ininSam Gooselywi'in.
     thattoowe dowe campover therepastandover therepast
     'We would do that too, camp past Parrot Lake and past Sam Goosely.'

209. Niwhgreat,niwhiz'ëc'i'ints'iniwhiz'ëAlec Tiljoe'en,di'atbilhniniwhaalïMom.
     our maternal unclegreatour maternal unclehimhis wifetoothey take us
     'Our great uncle Alec Tiljoe and his wife used to take us, including Mom.'

210. K'ayho'ggec'etnïdots'iyewhhawilht'aghtl'iso'nduwelewhozlï'.
     nownothingtherewhite peopleallthey clear-cutandnothingthere's nothingit became
     'And now they've clear-cut all the areas and there's nothing.'

211. Ggïyutiwihiyï 'iwilh'iw.
     thatmedicinealsothey use it
     'They used those for medicine too.'

LM:

212. K'aygengwahineyc'ik'iyizggiz.
     nowhereanimalshe wrote it
     'Now here she wrote down "animal".'

213. Sishileyhoonïnlï'dik'iswewilewhoonïnlï'?
     black bearthey're manythey started toorscarcethey started to
     'Are there lots of black bear or are they declining?'

214. Cas,k'aydohwidïzilh'et,'etyinwighidec'enïnzin?
     grizzly bearnowaround thistimethenyouwhat do you think about it
     'What do you think about the grizzly around here now?'

SA:

215. Yeah,'enïwi'awitdic,ts'iyewhwewilew hozlï'.
     theytoothen(pause)allthey disappeared
     'Yes, they're all gone too.'

216. Gginïcasso' 'aageghtl'a,hibibe ndewnïdzïl.
     thosegrizzlythey're okayandthey're mixed up
     'Grizzles are still around but they're mixed up.'

217. K'ayawitsic'oondzinïlh'is'awitsichibits'ë'ën.
     nowstillit isthey gostillwe see them
     '(In November) we see them still going around.'

218. LM: hmm

SA:

219. 'Ey,hibibe ndewnïdzïltilick'isdegeghsibe.
     itthey're mixed upmaybeorwhat happenedI don't know
     'They're all mixed up or something.' %don't understand, mixed up, could not recognize it

220. Hiydicin'hiytl'akhwit'iy'eytiwitsichiniyizsël.
     their treesthey under itliveitallthey cut them
     'The trees they have their dens under are all cut down.'

221. K'ayho'ggec,c'ide'k'in'a'iwewidzin.
     nownothingin the pastlikeit isn't
     'Now there's nothing, not like in the past.'

LM:

222. Hidahileyhonïnlïdik'iswewilew hoonïnlï'?
     moosethey are manythey start to beorthey're disappearing
     'Are there lots of moose or are they declining?'

SA:

223. 'Enïwih'awityik 'aageghdic.
     theytoonowthey're declining(pause)
     'They're going down too.'

224. Dedewihhizlï'ggïbilikhnï.
     sicknesstoothey becamethatsome of them
     'Some of them are sick too.' %5:12

225. Ggïdic'ah,ggïndu sibehiyighennïdo.
     thatin the wildernessthatI don't know whatthey kill themwhite people
     'The white people are killinng all the wild animals with something.'

226. 'Ohnaaydilhgit'eylicgginïnunïtsiy'yezhiyk'ëyeonïdlegh'awit.
     around therethey spray ititmaybethosesmall animalsmallthey're starting to kill them offnow
     'They're start to kill off all the small animals with what they're spraying around in the bush.'

227. 'Enïwih'awitwewilew hozlï'nilto''eywih'aageghtl'a,yohdic'ahnilh'asyez.
     thosealsonowis becoming scarcedeerittoothey didandtherewildernessthey golittle (ones)
     'That's happening to the deer and all the small animals out in the bush.' %track 3, 5:31

LM:

228. Wesiy,ggikh,nibe,neggizgï---
     lynxrabbitweaselfox
     'The lynx, rabbit, weasel, fox---'

229. SA: yeah

230. 'Enïwihts'iyewhwewilew hozlï'.
     theytooallthey disappeared
     'They all disappearing too.'

231. Tsalic,tsalicwih'aagegh.
     squirreltoothey did
     'That's happening to the squirrels too.'

232. C'ide'1959silhtëhts'iy'56dezay.
     in the pastmy sistershe died
     'My sister died in '56.'

233. Niwhghïïnlï'niggitniwhzuhwit'iymamabiyikh.
     our brother-in-lawused to beup thereby ushe livesher house
     'Our brother-in-law used to live with us over there in Mom's house.' %6:04 %Thomas Tom

234. Genniggittsayïlhnïlïh.
     hereup theretraphe sets
     'He used to set traps up here.'

235. Dighïïnlï'bilh'aat'iw75one dayhiyulh---hiyulïwh,tsalic.
     his brother-in-lawhe used to bewith himthey dothey snare themsquirrel
     'He (Henry) and his brother-in-law caught 75 squirrel in one day.' %6:16 %SA says bi"nli"'

236. K'ay'enïwihwewilew hozlï'.
     nowtheytoothey disappeared
     'Now there's hardly any.'

237. 'Etwighinïnentisdzicde'.
     thatI think about itin the past
     'I think about the past.'

238. 'Elhidzïn75wighiboolïwh.
     one daythey snare
     'One day they caught 75.'

239. Ggï yi'eyweaselYinkadinï' k'in'a'int'ënenïsdzïl---
     thatnibein Witsuwit'enI don't remember
     'I forgot "weasel" in Witsuwit'en---'

240. LM: nibe

SA:

241. Nibe'enïwide'hiley.
     weaseltheytoothey are many
     'There are lots of weasels too.'

242. Tl'ikhikhwihhileywide'.
     andgoosetoothey are manyalso
     'And there are lots of geese.'

LM:

243. Nibek'ayhonïgeghhiwinï,eh?
     weaselnowit started to becomethere are
     'Are there fewer weasels now?' %LM says 'awni"gegh

244. SA: yeah

245. Tl'i'etde'wic'aniwhaanïyut"kotsninwititswetizuhye'.
     andthenin the pastthey chased us awaythereover thereinto the bushdon't you pl. go
     'In the past they used to warn us "don't go over there in the bush.'

246. GginïLikhsilyuhibiyin'hin'indzin.
     those peopletheir land(focus)it is
     'That's Likhsilyu territory.'

247. Bi'inwesiwhye',"niwhaatnïskakts'enlï.
     past itdon't gothey tell uschildwe are
     'When we were kids they told us "don't go past it (boundary).'

248. Tsayïlhnïts'ilïhniwhtso'niwhilhniye.
     trapwe set themour maternal grandmotherwith usshe goes
     'We set traps with our grandmother.'

249. 'Enïwihts'iyewhdic'ahhiney'awitwewilew hozlï'
     theytooallin wildernessanimalnowthey disappeared
     'All the wild animals are gone now.'

LM:

250. Gendilkw'akhwihc'ik'iyizggiz.
     herefrogtooshe wrote it
     'She wrote frog here too.'

251. Hileydik'iswewilew?
     they're manyorthey'regone
     'Are there many or are they gone?'

SA:

252. No,'enïwih'awitwewilew hozlï'.
     theytoonowthey disappeared
     'No, they too have disappeared.'

LM:

253. Cindu dilhghispine beetle'eyhibighidec'enïnzinpine beetle,k'ayyiw'ulhcoh?
     pine beetleitwhat do you think about themnowthereeverywhere
     'What do you think about the pine beetle, which is everywhere now?'

SA:

254. C'ide'so''et'et dïndzinwets'ës'ën'.
     in the pastthat kindwe don't see
     'In the past we didn't see that kind of thing.'

255. 'Et doondzinwets'ës'ën'k'ay.
     that situationwe don't seenow
     'That kind we didn't see.'

256. 'Etlicniwhbep'iwilhnï,"nis widïzilhulïts'in'awiditazilhwika tsëohlï'."
     thatmaybeour fatherhe's talking aboutin the futuredifferentit will becomewatch out
     'Maybe that's what our father (meant) when he said "'Watch out, the future is going to be different."'

257. 'Etndu'iyilhnïwits'i---skakts'enlïwits'its'udilhye''elhikh de'niwhilhnï.
     thatwhatdoes he meanchildwe arewe don't knowold dayshe's telling us
     'As children we didn't know he was telling us what he meant when he was telling us.'

258. Tl'ik'aybikinicbighinïnentëszisdzit.
     andnowhis wordsI think about them
     'And now I think about his words.'

259. Tl'iyoh'et doondzin'oh doondzinlistah'iwilhnï.
     andthereit is like thatthings like thatdefinitelywhenhe's talking about
     'What's happening now is what he was talking about back then.' %8:07

260. Ggïwee--ulïts'in'awiditëzitk'ay'eydïndzin.
     thatdifferentit's becomingnowitfor example
     'It's going in different ways now, things like that.'

261. 'Awitdicints'iyewhhoyindinïn'al.
     nowtreeallthey started to eat
     'Now they're starting to eat up all the trees.'

LM:

262. Dicints'iyewhc'itsiy''iyelïlh.
     treeallbadthey're making all
     'They're ruining all the trees.'

LM:

263. Tabï'iwitadzïlh,pinebeetle.
     reallyit will be
     'There's going to be a lot more pine beetles.'

264. Cinïhcinduhiytah wit'iy'endeetadzïlh?
     martenpinethey live in themitwhat will happen to them
     'What going to happen to the marten that live in the pine trees?

265. Yinwighidec'enïnzin,ggïpine beetle,cinïhhiytah wit'iy?
     youwhat do you think about itthatcindu dilhghismartenthey live in it
     'What do you think about it, marten living among the pine beetles?'

SA:

266. Dic,'enïwihts'iyewhwewilew hitalïlh.
     welltheyalsoallthey will disappear
     'Well, they will all disappear.'

267. Ggï'aweyhiytahdinï nlïk'in'a'eendzin,ts'iyewh.
     thatonly thatthey among itlivelikethey areall
     'That's the only place they all live.'

268. Nunïtsiy'ts'iyetsicwelew hitalïlh.
     small animalallthey will disappear
     'All of the small animals are going to disappear.'

LM:

269. Okay next question isyis
     snow
     'Now the next question is snow.'

270. Sa'on'a'tsalhtsëuniwhyïn'netakilhwitsëhdik'iswik'ëtl'ats,tsalhtsë,high-bush cranberries?
     long time agohigh-bush cranberryyou pl. pickedit will snowbeforeorafterhigh-bush cranberry
     'A long time ago did you guys used to pick high-bush cranberries before it snowed or after?'

SA:

271. Netakilhwitsëhde't'ak'ët'awithoonïk'is'ohiy yegh'etts'onï(n)yïn.
     it will snowbeforeautumnthenit's starting to get coldaround thenthenwe picked
     'We would pick them in the autumn before it snows as it was starting to get cold.'

272. Ggïmï'o'iwets'ilh'iw,yïn,yïntah,mï'o.
     thatlow-bush cranberrywe don't domossamonglow-bush cranberry
     'We didn't do that with the low-bush cranberries.'

273. Tl'i(d)ohwihyi'eyyïntiwih'its'ilh'ah'eyc'ide'.
     andaround herealsoitmossalsowe doitlong time ago
     'Around here we did that to the moss.'

274. Nïdok'aypamperhiyilhnï.
     whit peoplenowthey call it
     'Now the white people call it pamper (for babies).'

275. Skakhiyï 'indzin.
     childthey use it
     'Children use it.'

276. 'Eywihsic'iniszinwik'ëclhtl'izggïmï'owighiyeclhdicwileghts'i.
     ittooby myselfthinkI threw itthatlow-bush-cranberryI'm talking aboutbecause
     'I decided to put it on there because we're talking about low-bush cranberries.'

LM:

277. Nts'ëwhtsëhnekicdiknïnyikhde',yisnekic?
     whenfirstit snowsupyou're growingin the pastsnowit falls
     'When does it first snow when you were growing up?'

278. K'aysa'on'a'wits'inwighilhdiyï''oondzin?
     nowlong time agofrom itdifferentthey are
     'Is it different now compared to the past?'

SA:

279. November,'awitlhilcosaninï'alh'etk'idzeneonïkic.
     thenmiddlemonthit's passingthenfinallyit started to snow
     'Around the middle of November it would finally start to snow.' %2:14

280. Nïdo k'in'amid-monthhitnïsiysanin'idisnïmonth.
     in Englishthey sayImonthI say
     'I'm saying sanin where in English they say middle of the month.'

281. 'Etk'idzeneonïkic.
     thenfinallyit started to snow
     'That's when it would finally start snowing.'

LM:

282. 'Awidïwhulït,dik'is'oh---
     immediatelyit meltsor
     'Does it melt right away?'

SA:

283. Wik'iztsëhbï 'iwit'iyh.
     coldfirstit does to it
     'It gets cold before it.'

284. Tl'i'etwitsëhggïyisnelts'ic.
     andthenbeforethatsnowit falls
     'When it's cold before it the snow falls (and stays).'

285. So'newewislït.
     it doesn't melt
     'It doesn't melt.'

286. K'ayho'ggeccantotabï'igegh.
     nownothingrainwaterreallyit happened
     'Now there's too much rain.'

287. Tl'iwik'izwelewtl'a,'indzohts'iyewhulïtggïyis.
     andcoldabsentandjustallit meltsthatsnow
     'It's not cold so that's why the snow just melts.'

288. C'ide'k'in'a'iwewidzin.
     long time agolikeit is not
     'It's not like in the past.'

289. C'ide'wik'iztsëhdidilts'icwitsëh,'etk'idzeyis,tl'iyisulï'ts'ahnelts'ickhiytwenï.
     in the pastcoldbeforeit gets upbeforethenfinallysnowandsnowpermanentlyit fallswinterfor
     'In the past it got cold before it snowed and then the snow stayed for the winter.' %3:00

290. K'ayulïts'in'aggec'iwit'iyh.
     nowdifferentjustit does
     'Now it's all different.' %does SA says 'iwit'elh?

291. LM: Okay the next question was wik'iz. I think she answered everything.

(LM, SA both laugh)

292. Next question.

293. Bilh'alhk'ikh'enlegh.
     with ittogethershe did
     'She did them together.' %3:24

294. Tsëttabïhozk'itssa'on'a''oh de'deolk'itswiwewdïlhyeh?
     firstreallyit's coldlong time agoback thenhow colddo you know
     'Do you know how cold it was in the past?'

295. Tabïlichozk'its?
     reallyit's cold
     'Was it really cold?'

SA:

296. Tabïïhozk'its.
     really reallyit's cold
     'It was really, really cold.'

297. Ggïso' k'ënistilhk'isabout 40 below.
     thatmostit's cold
     'The coldest it got was about forty below.'

298. 'Indzohyikhhodiltalhggïwik'izbï.
     justhouseit's crackingthatcoldwith it
     'You could hear the cracking outside the house from the cold.'

299. Tl'i'atswinits'iyeyin'yisk'ittsicwihwidïts'agh,ggïwik'izbï.
     andoutsidetoowe walkon groundsnowonalltooit can be heardthatcoldwith it
     'And outside you could hear yourself walking on the snow from the cold.' %3:59 %short form ditsic %ditsic witsanets'enle we brought it all back

LM:

300. 'Etk'aydohwidïzilhwighilhdiyï'oondzin.
     thatnowaround thistimedifferentit is
     'It's not the same now.'

SA:

301. Ditsicwiho'ggeculïts'in'aggeck'ay,'indzoh.
     entirelytoonothingdifferentjustnowjust
     'No, it's just all different now.'

302. 'Elhyis k'itlhënec'aanit'ikhggï'indzohulï'ts'ah.
     oneyeartime passesthatjustpermanently
     'One year passes and it's not the same.' %lhënewdïlhdzit anniversary %(hands come together)

303. Ggïcantotabï 'igeghtl'iso'wik'izwihwelew silï'.
     thatrainwaterit's heavyandcoldtooit disappeared
     'There's too much rain and there's hardly any cold weather.'

304. C'ide'k'in'awewik'itsso'.
     in the pastlikeit's not cold
     'It's not cold like in the past.'

305. LM: okay, next question is tin

306. Diknïnyikhde'nts'ën'ato 'aadil'ahkhiyt,hozk'itstah?
     upyou're growingin the pasthowthey get water for themselvesin winterit's coldwhen
     'When you were growing up, how did they get water when it was cold?'

SA:

307. Tinnïnc'aadilht'aghtl'a,'eyhotsto 'izdil'ah.
     icethey make holesandittherewe get water for ourselves
     'They make a hole on the ice that's where we got water.'

308. Ggïyi'ey'uslus'adic'iyeyïlïlh.
     thatittobogganoneselfthey're making
     'They used to make their own toboggan.'

309. Tl'iggïdicinlhinaayindinilht'agh'eyhiyïtotilhgguh.
     andthatwoodthey pound them togetheritthey with itwaterthey haul
     'They nailed it together and hauled water with it.'

310. Nïdohibi, hibitankbï 'iwets'ist'ën'.
     white peopletheir tankwe don't use
     'We didn't use the white people's tank.'

311. Dad'adicggïdicinlhinyindinilht'agh'eyyï to---bïtots'itilhgguh.
     himselfthatwoodhe pounded them togetheritwith itwaterwe haul
     'We hauled water with what Dad made.'

312. Tinnïnts'iwidilh'atl'a,to,toneztidilh.
     icewe make holesandin waterwe put pl. down
     'They made holes in the ice and put our water (pails) down in them.'

LM:

313. Tabïhozk'itstitin,lhë'neyinditin.
     reallyit's coldwheniceacrossit freezes across
     'When it's really cold, it freezes right across.'

314. Tinyenditin.
     iceit freezes solid
     'The ice freezes solid.'

315. Across the creek you can walk on it?

316. 'Etk'aydoh widïzilh'etwighi---wighilhdiyï'oondzin?
     thennowaround this timethendifferentit is
     'Is it different now around this time?'

SA:

317. Ho'ggeck'ayso'tinwewislekditsicwihbink'ittl'iyegh---ts'iyewhtonisi'aho'ggecso'tinwelewhozlï'.
     nothingnowicethere's very littleentirelytoolakeonandallwaterthere arenothingicenoneit became
     'There's no ice on the lake and wherever there's water there's no ice.' %5:53

318. C'ide'tink'itde'nits'ilghes.
     in the pasticeonin the pastwe run around
     'In the past we used to run around on the ice.'

319. So'ho'ggec'etwih'iwewidzink'ay.
     nothingthattooit isn'tnow
     'Now there isn't any.'

LM:

320. 'Oh de'ggïtinyenditinï---dedïltaylhëkh?
     back thenthaticeit's all frozenhow thickit becomes
     'Back then how thick was the frozen ice?'

321. C'ik'iyizggiz.
     she wrote it
     'She wrote that.'

SA:

322. Tabïïditay.
     really reallyit's thick
     'It was really thick.'

323. So'dzïn'its'it'iyhk'idzetinnïts'iwitsilhc'ide'.
     daywe dothenicewe chopin the past
     'It took us one day to chop a hole in the ice.' %6:31

324. Tl'ik'ay'idisnï40 below'oh,c'ide'wik'iznïnilggïh.
     andnowI sayback thenin the pastcoldit got to (running)
     'And as I was saying, it got to about forty below back then.' %'oh de' 'et doolk'its it's that cold back then

LM:

325. C'ide'tin,tintl'akhlhokha'aat'iw?
     in the pasticeunderfishthey fish
     'In the past did they they go ice fishing?'

326. Tinnïniditsëlh?
     icechop holes
     'Did they chop holes in the ice?

327. Ice fishing?

SA:

328. Yeah,'eyggïlhoklhiyilbink'ithiyka'it'ah.
     itthatfishwhitelakeonthey fish for it
     'Yes, they would catch whitefish on the lake.'

329. Hots'in'ade''aat'iw.
     that wayin the pastthey do
     'That's what they used to do.'

330. K'ay,k'ay'etwihho'ggec.
     nowthattoonothing
     'Now there's nothing like that.'

331. 'Et diwewist'ën'hozlï'ggï.
     it's not like thatit becamethat
     'It's not like that any more.'

332. Bink'ittinwelewtl'a---
     lakeoniceis goneand
     'There's no ice on the lake---'

333. LM: Okay the last question is khiyt, winter

334. So' c'ik'ënishozk'its'et'awitsiclicudïlhye,diknïnyikh?
     mostit's coldthenstill(yes/no Q)you knowupyou're growing
     'Do you remember the coldest the winter when you were growing up?'

SA:

335. Yeah,'awitsicudiclhye.
     stillI know.
     'Yes, I still remember that.'

LM:

336. C'ik'ënishozk'its.
     mostit's cold
     'the coldest'

337. SA: It was about forty below.

338. 'Et doolk'its.
     it's that cold
     'That's how cold it is.'

339. 'Etsbep'en'itnïc'ide','adicskaknlï60'ohts'inïc'aanit'akh,60below.
     thenmy dadhehe sayslong time agohe himselfchildhe isaround therereportedlyit's that number
     'My dad said when he was a little boy it used to be sixty below.'

340. 'Adicc'id---c'idede'niwhk'inewilnic.
     he himselfstoryhe told us story
     'He used to tell us a story.'

341. 1898yin k'ënzittl'a,'adicnts'ën'awiskakïnlï''ohk'iniwhilh newilnic.
     he was bornandhe himselfhowalsoyounghe wasaround thenhe told us story
     'He was born in 1898 and he told us about a story about when he was young.'

342. Tl'iniwhëtloh.
     andhe laughs at us
     'And he laughs at us.'

343. "40 belowniwhbehozk'its"niwhilhnïtl'a,'adic60 belowhonlïts'ic'ide'skakïnlï''oh de'.
     for usit's coldhe tells usandhe himselfit isreportedlylong time agochildhe wasback then
     "'Forty below is too cold for you guys" he says and it was sixty below when he was a kid.'

344. Nduwasbepbikinicdïwezdï'al?
     whymy fatherhis languagewe didn't record
     'Why didn't we record my father?'

345. Tabï'ulhcohniwhilh hanewilnic.
     reallyeverythinghe told us story
     'He told us a lot.' %8:24

346. Bikiniczihbighinïnentisdzick'ay.
     his languagejustI remember itnow
     'I just remember his words now.'

347. LM: 'awit zih

348. SH: how about that last?

LM:

349. 'Oh de'wighiyetalhdic'awitsiclicudïlhye,'aw k'is nts'ëwhudïlhye,wighiyetalhdicwika'nïnzin.
     back thenyou're going to talk about itstill(yes/no Q)you knowany timeyou know ityou'll talk about itshe wants
     'She wants you to talk about any time you remember back then.'

SA:

350. Ndu?
     what
     'what?'

LM:

351. C'ide'hozk'itsso' c'ik'ënishozk'its,nts'ën'a'ohlickëdïziwhdegh,skakïnlï?
     long time agoit was coldmostit's coldhowaround then(yes/no Q)you pl. went throughchildyou were
     'How did you guys manage to survive the cold weather when you were a kid?'

352. SA: oh

353. LM: short story

354. SA: oh, just short story

355. SH: mi'

SA:

356. Dicc'ide'wilutin kaktiwinits'ilghes.
     wellback thenon crustalso onwe run around
     'We used to run on top of the snow when it froze over.'

357. So' k'ënistilhk'isggïyis k'it,wilutin kak'ohnilhts'inityut.
     mostit's coldthatwinteron crustaround therewe chase each other around
     'We used to play around on top of the snow during the coldest weather.'

358. Yeghniwhtso'c'ika'aat'ah'oh,hibilhnits'ilghes,wilutin kak.
     thereour maternal grandmotherthey huntaround therewith themwe run aroundon crust
     'We used to run around on the hard snow with our grandmother (and someone else) when they went hunting.' %SA says yi'egh

359. Tl'iggïyisnekic'eywihtabïlhay.
     andthatsnowit fallsittooverymany
     'The snow that falls too is pretty deep.'

360. Yiggïniwhyikh8 feet'ooldzikh,'oolyizde'niwhbephibiyikh,ditsicwiwidikggïsnow bankyis'inïl'iy'.
     deepour houseit's that measureit's that tallback thenour fathertheir houseentirealsotopthatsnowit measures
     'Our house was eight feet high and it used to cover our parents' house.'

361. 'Eyniwhbepdilebïniwiziw.
     itour fatherhis handwith ithe grades
     'Our dad used to shovel by hand.'

362. Wilikhtahïzlhiyyidineebilïhtl'a,ggïdicinlhinyindinilht'aghtl'a,bï niwidziw'iyilh'iyh.
     sometimeshorsehe harnesses themandthatstickhe pounds togetherandgraderhe makes it
     'Sometimes he hitched up the horses and he put a stick or something together, and he uses it for plowing.' %makes home-made A-frame for plowing; LM mother also made one %track 5 1:27

363. Ïzlhiyyidineyilhtiyhtl'a,tiy'ohhowizohtëtët.
     horsehe harnessesandroadaround therehe plows outin front of house
     'He uses the horse and used to plow the road in front of the house.'

364. Hots'in'ac'ide'yis'ëndzïn'k'ayho'ggecso'.
     that's howin the pastsnowit wasnownothing
     'That's how it was in the past, but not now.'

365. 'Awit,'awitlic50 yearshon'a'so''et doondzinwewzïs'ën'k'ay.
     then(yes/no Q)it wasit's like thatI haven't seennow
     'It must've been fifty years since I saw anything like that.'

366. LM: 'awit zih

SA:

367. Ut'akhgitwilïhlhayyudïlhye.'Enwihwinewdïlhnikh.
     maybelotshe knows ithetoohe forgets
     'Ut'akhgit (Henry Alfred) might know more. He forgets too.'

368. 'Awit52 yearslhizuhïditkë'.
     nowwith each otherwe stayed
     'We've been together for fifty-two years.'

LM:

369. Mom'enwide'ggïsnowplow'adic'iyilh'iyh.
     shetoothatshe herselfshe makes
     'My mom used to make a snow plow herself too.'

370. Dad had team of horses.

371. Snowplowbïtsin'in'atiywik'itwik'ënewizoh'adic.
     with itdownwardsroadonshe plowsshe herself
     'She used to plow down to the road.'

372. Dinïk'in'anï'it'ën'.
     manlikeshe works
     'She used to work like a man.'

373. SA: yeah

374. LM: Dad was in jail. She had to do everything herself.

375. SA: yeah

376. Mom and dad'enïwide''et deet'ën'.
     theytoothey did that
     'They used to do that too.'

377. K'ay'oh dïnyïz'et dits'it'iw.
     nowstillwe're doing that
     'We're still doing that now.' %2:33

378. 'Inuc'izdidïldzin.
     we ourselveswe prepare for ourselves
     'We're independent.'

379. So',dinïc'a'iwets'edzin'oh hots'in'aniniwhaanïlhtan.
     personrejectingwe aren'tthat waythey taught us
     'We don't do that to anyone---that's just the way we're taught.'

380. 'Alha''idisnï?
     correctI'm speaking
     'Am I right?'

381. Niniwhaanïlhtan'enggahots'in'adinï ts'olï'.
     they taught usthat's howthat waywe could live
     'We were taught so that's how we live.'

382. Wika'its'it'iwyin kakulïts widitëzit.
     we're tryingworldit's changing
     'We're trying but the world is not the same.'

383. 'Alha''oondzindic,gginniwhbepnishon'ën'.
     correctit is(pause)that personour fatherfuturehe saw
     'It's right that our dad used to foresee the future.'

384. T'ak'ët'etdit'iyh,yeght'ak'ëtnawhwinïlh'ëntl'i'itnï,"tabï'aghleznetakilh"nï."
     autumnthenit doesthereautumnaroundhe looks aroundandhe saysveryearly(deducing)it will snowhe says
     'In the fall he used to look around and say, "oh, it's going to snow early this year."

385. Ggïniwhyin kaktsicwiwinïlh'ën'.
     thatour landallalsohe looked around
     'He's looking all over our lands.' %3:17

386. Tl'i'et diwit'iyh.
     andit happens
     'And it happens.'

387. "Gwakhiytsa'lezkhiytk'ëwita'alh"nï'etwih'itnï.
     winterlong(deducing)winterit will remainhe saysthattoohe says
     "'The snow is going to stay for a while this winter," he says and that happens too.'

388. Means long winter, early winter or long winter.

LM:

389. Nts'ën'asibeudïlhye.
     howI wonderhe knows
     'I wonder how he knows it.'

SA:

390. Nawhyin kakniyiz'ënk'isweditnïhtilic.
     aroundworldhe looked around itorhe feelsmaybe
     'He looks around or maybe he feels it.'

391. LM: hmm

SA:

392. Tl'inïdotownhibilh'ëst'ën'nesodilkët,"k'ayndumbepwidec'enïhitnï,t'ak'ëtwilhëkh?"
     andwhite peoplewith themI workedthey ask menowwhatyour fatherhow does he saythey sayautumnbecomes
     'When I was working with the white people in town, they would ask me "now what does your dad say about the autumn?"'

393. C'olilhwilhëkhwih'et daatnï.
     springtimebecomestoothey say that
     'And they asked that in the springtime too.'

394. Lhoklhay'italïlh'etts'ahgwa'iwit'iyhggïyislhaylhëkh.
     fishlotsthere will bethatreportedlyit doesthatsnowlotsbecomes
     '(He said) there'll be lots of fish when there's lots of snow.'

395. Tl'int'aywilhay'italïlh'itnï,c'ide'nï.
     andberrytoolotsthere will behe sayslong time agohe says
     'And he says the berries too are going to be plentiful.'

396. 'Etwide''ohnïnentisdzic.
     thattooabout thatI remember
     'I remember those things.'

LM:

397. C'olilhdïtnictabï'idïnekh'etts'ikwaso'nec'intat'ayh.
     springtimethunderreallyit soundsthenreportedlyagainthere will be ripe berries
     'They said when there's lots of thunder in the spring, then there'll be lots of berries.'

398. 'Etwidibe'iwitnï,hitnï.
     thatalso for themone saysthey say
     'They say that's how they know that.'

399. Dïtnictabï'it'iyhc'olilh'eyts'ilhay,nit'aylhaynewtadlïlhwenï'itnï,hitnï.
     thunderreallyit doesspringtimeitreportedlymanyberrymanythere will be againforhe saysthey say
     'When there's a big thunder storm in the spring they say there's gonna lots of berries.'

400. I heard that from Dick Naziel.

401. SA: yeah, and

402. T'ak'ëtdïtnicditnï'etwits'ah---
     autumnthunderit soundsthatfrom it
     'From autumn thunder---' %4:38

403. I forgot what the meaning was.

404. LM: It's different?

405. SA: It's different.

406. LM: oh

SA:

407. Widitatsiy'.
     it will storm
     'It's going to be long stormy weather.'

408. I think that's what it meant.

409. LM: fall thunder?

410. SA: thunder

411. LM: is bad weather?

412. SA: mi'

413. Tabïlezniswi---khiytwiditatsiy'.
     very(deducing)in the futurewinterit will storm
     'There will be winter storms.'

414. They say that, when there's thunder in the fall. And I've seen, I heard thunder in the fall, couple years ago.

415. LM: 'awit zih Sharon

SA:

416. 'Awit zih.
     that's all
     'That's all.'

417. Lha'disgegh?
     I'm finished
     'Am I done?'

418. SH: okay

419. LM: You did good Susie.

SH:

420. Lha'dïngegh.
     you're finished
     'You're finished.'

421. SA: mi'

LM:

422. Mbepbikinicbilikhbighiyelhdictabïc'izu'.
     your fatherhis wordssome of themyou talked about itreallyit's good
     'It's good that you talked about your dad's words.'

423. SA: I got pages and pages when Marge was going to school, UBC? A history. I did it in my own---

Notes