Selected Members Engelbert
Pernerstorfer | Victor Adler | Richard
von Kralik | Heinrich
Friedjung Max von Gruber doctor, professor Gruber participated as an officer in the Circle, and like many members he was also a participant and officer within the Deutsche Leseverein. He was among the group members who signed the letter to Nietzsche indicating their readiness to dedicate themselves to his ideological vision. In his career as a doctor and researcher, he invented a method for detecting typhoid fever. Max Gruber wrote that for himself and others of his generation, there was a common bond of painfull adolescent rejection of the values of his parents and the standing political, economic, religious, and cultural structures of the Habsburg Empire. For Gruber, and certainly for other members of the Circle (almost all born in the early 1850's), this common youthful bond remained a life-long foundation of values and thinking. On his 70th birthday, he made a statement that described an outlook probably common to many members of the Circle:
He described himself as having throughout his life a restless despair at the disparity between ideal and reality. Engelbert
Pernerstorfer | Victor Adler | Richard
von Kralik | Heinrich
Friedjung
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