Advanced Physical Diagnosis
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General References

Proficiency of Examination:

  1. Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW. Has medicine outgrown physical diagnosis? Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:786-7.
  2. Oddone EZ, Waugh RA, Samsa G, Corey R, Feussner JR. Teaching cardiovascular examination skills: results from a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 1993; 95:389-96.
  3. St. Clair EW, Oddone EZ, Waugh RA, Corey R, Feussner JR. Assessing housestaff diagnostic skills using a cardiology patient simulator. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:751-6.
  4. Mangione S, Nieman LZ, Gracely E, Kaye D. The teaching and practice of cardiac auscultation during internal medicine and cardiology training: a nationwide survey. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:47-54.
  5. Craige E. Should auscultation be rehabilitated? N Eng J Med 1988; B1572-8.
  6. Johnson JE, Carpenter JL. Medical housestaff performance in physical examination. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146:937-41.
  7. Noel GL, Herbers JR Jr, Caplow MP, Cooper GS, Pangaro LN, Harvey J. How well do internal medicine faculty members evaluate the clinical skills of residents? Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:757-65.
  8. Mangione S, Nieman LZ. Cardiac auscultatory skills of internal medicine and family practice trainees. JAMA. 1997; 278:717-722.

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Online References

Evidence-based Medicine:

  1. Hayword, R., et al. (ed), and the Evidence Based Medicine Informatics Project at McMaster University. Evidence-based Medicine: A New Approach to Teaching the Practice of Medicine. http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/ebm/userguid/overview.htm. (1997).
  2. Oxman, A.D., et al, and the Evidence Based Medicine Working Group at McMaster University. User's Guide for the Medical Literature. http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/ebm/userguid (1997).
  3. Sackett, D., et al. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. http://cebm.jr2.ox.ac.uk/

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