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Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Description

Down syndrome is caused by an "extra" 21st chromosome. Children with Down syndrome often have mental retardation, cardiac defects, and hypotonia (decreased muscle tone). Duodenal atresia (blockage of the intestine) may be present. Oral problems can include oral hypotonia, small oral cavity causing tongue protrusion, and delayed and/or abnormal tooth eruption.

Possible effects on growth

  • Children with Down syndrome have short stature.
  • Initial problems in infancy with underweight may be present, however, problems with overweight can present as a child gets older.
  • Hypotonia can be a barrier to physical activity, further contributing to undesirable weight gain.
   
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