5.) What are the immediate next steps in evaluation and management?
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The next step is to flush the Foley catheter with sterile water or saline to be sure that it is not partially blocked or displaced. If the patient does not have signs of congestive failure, a fluid challenge should be given. The bolus of isosmotic crystalloid should be approximately 10% of the patient's blood volume given rapidly. If response is minimal, and the patient shows no signs of cardiac dysfunction, this should be repeated.
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