| 2.) What are the etiologies of portal hypertension and the associated disease states?
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Etiologies of portal hypertension and associated disease states:
- Extrahepatic outflow obstruction - Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Obstruction of extrahepatic portal venous system: trauma, infection, external compression, cavernous transformation of portal vein.
- Intrahepatic obstruction:
- Presinusoidal: Schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis
- Sinusoidal: post-necrotic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- Postsinusoidal: alcoholic cirrhosis
- Increased flow states: massive splenomegaly, splenic arteriovenous fistula
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