8.) What is the TNM staging of colon cancer?
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Primary tumor = T
T1 Tumor invades submucosa
T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria
T3 Tumor invades subserosa or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissue
T4 Tumor perforates visceral peritoneum or invades other organs
Regional lymph nodes = N
N0 No regional node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in 1-3 pericolic nodes
N2 Metastasis in 4 or more pericolic nodes
N3 Metastasis in nodes along named trunks
Distant metastasis = M
M0 No distant metastasis
M1 Distant metastasis present
Staging group:
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Modified Astler-Coller | (Dukes') |
Stage I |
T1 |
N0 |
A |
T2 |
N0 |
M0 |
B1 |
Stage II |
T3 |
N0 |
M0 |
B2 |
T4 |
N0 |
M0 |
B3 |
Stage III |
Any T |
N1 |
M0 |
C1 |
Any T |
N2, N3 |
M0 |
C2 |
Stage IV |
Any T | Any N |
M1 |
D |
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