1. Be able to list and define the diaphragmatic hernias that may occur at the esophageal hiatus.
   
2. Be able to describe the usual clinical history in sliding hiatal hernias and in paraesophageal hernias.
   
3. Be able to summarize the appropriate diagnostic workup.
   
4. Be able to list the potential complications of paraesophageal hernias.
   
5. Be able to discuss briefly the indications for surgery in diaphragmatic hernias.