Construction & siting issues  

Conservation and Minimization

 

Narrowing streets: primarily in new, low density residential developments. Applicable to high density developments when parking and safety requirements are addressed.Concave medians: primarily in new, low density residential developments. Applicable to high density developments when parking and safety requirements are addressed.

Pervious sidewalks: used in new developments or existing development retrofits.

Grated infiltration systems: used in areas where space is restricted or when landscaping is not desirable.

Porous pavements: used in parking areas, low-traffic roads. May have future applicability in highway projects. Not useful when groundwater is exposed to contamination.

Parking area conservation: Used in new or existing developments.

Parking groves: used in commercial or institutional parking lots. Native soils must have adequate drainage.

Grid pavers: used in low to moderate traffic conditions.

 

Storage

 

Pedestal (raised) sidewalks: maintenance and inspection are an issue.

Rainwater capture and use: roof water cisterns used if space is available.

Rooftop detention: appropriate for flat roof, commercial and industrial land uses.

Yard storage: appropriate for all land uses.

Green roofs: appropriate for flat to moderately sloped roofs.

Subsurface storage: appropriate for any land use, though underground spatial constraints are an issue.

Inlet restriction: used mainly to retrofit existing storm drainage systems.

Curb storage: allows for temporary ponding.

 
Conveyance IMPs  

Grassed channels: maintenance and space considerations are an issue.

Underdrained grassed channels: maintenance and space considerations are an issue.

Exfiltration grassed channels: maintenance and space considerations are an issue.

Bioretention channels: appropriate for areas with limited space, high water tables, and minimal slopes; potential exists for mosquito problems.

Infiltration trench grassed channel: appropriate for well-drained soils.

Disconnection of impervious areas: most suitable for residential and commercial land with adequate open space to disperse stormwater flows.

 
Landscaping IMPs  

Bioretention: appropriate for all types of land use.

Slope reduction: can be used in certain cases to increase infiltration.

Filter strips: maintenance, gradient, and adequate length are an issue.

Rain gardens: appropriate for all types of land use

Fish ponds: appropriate for all types of land use

Dripline planter boxes: appropriate for all types of land use

Native groundcover landscaping: appropriate for all land uses, though soil quality is an issue.

Green alleys: appropriate where linear pervious areas dictate a linear system.

 
Infiltration IMPs  

Infiltration trenches: appropriate for use in transportation systems, though soil infiltration may be a limiting factor.

Below pavement infiltration basins: appropriate for flat, low-volume traffic areas.

Exfiltration devices: appropriate for spot treatment of small areas.