Adding Fill: Adding fill or amended topsoil over compacted soils is pretty. Without preparation before application aeration moisture problems develop. The compacted layer must be tilled before fill is added. A minimum of 6-inches ensures uniformity of texture.

Rototill: This is a smaller scale treatment that treats the soil at depth of about 4 to 6 inches. Can become a problem if used consistently for cultivation because it creates an interface between the fluffed soil and the soil beginning at the end of the tiller's teeth. This can lead to poor conditions.

Inorganic Amendments: There are various inorganic amendments on the market such as Greensandâ, Axisâ, Profileâ, pumice, and ceramic products, but none stand out as long-term solutions to soil degradation and compaction and have varying application procedures.

Ripping: Plow in two direction to ensure uniformity of treatment then irrigate and allow to settle itself for 2 to 3 weeks. Once stabilized do final grading and planting. This treatment is generally not acceptable on development sites because large trees are developed.

Radial Trenching: Remediates soils where delicate tree roots are present. Beginning at the edge of the tree drip line, soil is mechanically removed from radially oriented trenches 2 feet in depth and 12 inches in width. It is important to avoid the main roots of the tree and orient trenches in between main anchors. Replace material with a porous soil amendment.

Vertical Mulching: Holes and fractures can be created to increase air space. Injection of water or air physically auguring openings 2 inches in diameter holes at 18 inches in depth. These voids are then filled with mulches or gravelly, porous material.