Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness

May 21, 2021

The Impact of Covid-19 State Closure Orders on Consumer Spending, Employment, and Business Revenue

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  • An analysis of COVID-19 state closure orders found that although these policies led to decreases in consumer spending, business revenue, and employment, they accounted for a small proportion of observed decreases in these outcomes in the early months of the pandemic. The analysis used a difference-in-difference model to examine geographic and temporal variation in these closure orders and controlled for state-level COVID-19 incidence and deaths. The authors suggest that economic outcomes likely are influenced by individual perceptions of COVID-19 risk. 

Dunphy et al. (May 13, 2021). The Impact of Covid-19 State Closure Orders on Consumer Spending, Employment, and Business Revenue. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001376