Article Summary
May 3, 2021
US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021
A case series of 12 patients in the US who experienced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with thrombocytopenia following the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine found that all patients were women under the age of 60 who began experiencing symptoms that required hospitalization between 6 and 15 days after vaccination. Seven patients had at least 1…
Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rescues B and T Cell Responses to Variants after First Vaccine Dose
An analysis of B and T cell responses in healthcare workers who received one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed that individuals with prior infection had enhanced T cell immunity and neutralizing antibodies effective against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants, while those without prior infection showed reduced immunity against variants. B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike mutations…
SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Remain Detectable 12 Months after Infection and Antibody Magnitude Is Associated with Age and COVID-19 Severity
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An analysis of longitudinal serum samples collected from U.S. active duty service members, dependents, and military retirees with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and March 2021 found 100% seropositivity among inpatients followed for six months (58/58) to one year (8/8). Seroreversion was observed in 5% (9/192) of outpatients six to ten…
Weak Immunogenicity after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Vaccine in Treated Cancer Patients
Nearly half of patients with cancer (CP) at a hospital in France showed no anti-spike antibody response four weeks after one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while 100% of healthcare workers (HCW) vaccinated at the same time (between February 17 and March 18, 2021) had developed anti-spike antibodies (seroconversion). Anti-S IgG titers were also significantly…
Real-World Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for COVID-19
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine showed a real-world effectiveness of 76.7% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection at least two weeks after vaccination among patients in the Mayo Clinic Health system, according to an analysis comparing the infection rate among 2,195 individuals who received the vaccine to that among 21,950 unvaccinated, propensity-matched individuals between…
Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Different Rapid Antigen Detection Tests for COVID-19 in the Real-World Hospital Setting
A comparison of the diagnostic performance of seven antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs, both lateral flow immunochromatographic tests and fluorescent immunoassay tests) in real-world hospital settings found a wide range of sensitivity estimates by test brand (range 66.0–93.8%) and cycle threshold (Ct) cut-off values (Ct < 25: 96.2%; Ct 30-35: 31.1%), with an optimal Ct…
SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide Replication Drives Rapid Rise and Selection of Mutations across the Viral Genome: A Time-Course Study – Potential Challenge for Vaccines and Therapies
A summary of circulating SARS-CoV-2 mutations in 383,570 complete sequences with known sampling dates in the Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) through April 5, 2021 showed that high incidence of COVID-19 often paralleled high numbers of new mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. The summary included data from ten countries: the United Kingdom,…
Lower Household Transmission Rates of SARS-CoV-2 from Children Compared to Adults
The household secondary attack rate (SAR = 0.15) among pediatric index cases under age 18 (n = 17) was significantly lower than the rate among 126 adult (SAR = 0.38) index cases, according to findings from a seroprevalence study among 150 households in Germany with at least one confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 since June 2020….
Household Clustering of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012-01) in England
In a study in England of all sequenced positive SARS-CoV-2 test results between October 1 – December 15, 2020, odds of household clustering with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was 1.9-fold higher than with wildtype virus, after adjusting for Index of Multiple Deprivation, region of residence, time of testing, age group, sex, race, and ethnicity of…
Individually Optimal Choices Can Be Collectively Disastrous in COVID-19 Disease Control
A modeling study of noncompliance with measures aimed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission found that a portion of the population that is noncompliant can result in extensive endemic disease in the long-term after a return to pre-pandemic activity. Using game theory to assess whether noncompliance is perceived as beneficial to individuals, the authors found that for…
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