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December 15, 2020
Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England from April to November, 2020: Results from the ONS Coronavirus Infection Survey
A nationwide serial sampling study in England (n=1.1 million samples from 280,000 individuals) shows that the first wave (April to June) and the first part of the second wave (August to November) were characterized by different risk factors. Having a patient-facing role was a significant factor in the first wave but not in the second,…
Assessment of the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in an Intense Re-Exposure Setting
Among 101,349 lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in Qatar, the risk of reinfection was estimated to be 0.02%, with a reinfection incidence rate of 0.36 per 10,000 person-weeks. Out of 243 patients with at least one positive swab ≥45 days from the first positive swab, 54 (22%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Viral genome sequencing…
Asynchrony Between Individual and Government Actions Accounts for Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities
Mobility data across 1,124 US counties show that individuals began to socially distance at a median of 5 days (IQR=3-8) after 10 cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases in their state, but at a median of 12 days (IQR=8-17) before state governments issued stay-at-home orders (SAHOs). Using SAHO dates as a proxy for social distancing accounts for…
November 4, 2020
Beyond the 405 and the 5: Geographic Variations and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rates in Los Angeles County
In Los Angeles, geographic factors associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV2 diagnosis included a higher proportion of Latino/Latina residents, higher rates of poverty and higher household density. The analysis was conducted using a spatial analysis of the health department data from the period of 1 March and 30 June 2020, with a total of…
They’re Dying in the Suburbs COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Geography in Louisiana (USA)
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] The epicenter of the Louisiana COVID-19 epidemic has varied temporally, beginning in the urban core of New Orleans and then moving to suburban/rural areas. Using census tract- and parish-level data in Louisiana, Schnake-Mahl et al. reported that the incidence (73 cases per 10,000) and mortality rate (5.6 deaths per 10,000) of COVID-19…
COVID-19 Active Surveillance Simulation Case Study – Health and Economic Impacts of Active Surveillance in a School Environment
A simulation study of a school environment concluded that daily testing can assist with maintenance of a low infection rate. The authors concluded that a reasonable daily test percentage (6%-10% with social distancing and mask wearing, or 8-10% without mitigation procedures) among the student population can achieve a low infection rate (≤10%). Saad et al….
Frequency and Profile of Objective Cognitive Deficits in Hospitalized Patients Recovering from COVID-19
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Cognitive impairments were found frequently in patients recovering from severe COVID-19 in an inpatient rehabilitation facility. A cross-sectional study tested 57 patients with a mean age of 65 years using standard measures of memory and executive function and found that 81% had cognitive impairment, with deficits most common in working memory (55%),…
SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study
A prospective cohort study in North Carolina found that 77% of children and adolescents living with a close household contact infected with SARS-CoOV-2 had a positive SARS-COV2 PCR test. Hispanic ethnicity (OR=1.5) and having an infected sibling close contact (OR=1.7) were associated with increased infection risk. One or more symptoms were reported by 70% of…
Association of COVID-19 RT-QPCR Test False-Negative Rate with Patient Age Sex and Time since Diagnosis
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] A study using electronic health records in Israel reported that the 11% of PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were negative with 0-5 days of clinical diagnosis among patients who had at least one positive PCR test (n= 521,696). Patients who were female (vs. male: OR=1.7) and patients who were younger (10 vs. 40…
SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Nasal Strips a Superior Tool for Surveillance of Pediatric Populations
In pediatric patients, the use of small strips inserted into each nostril was shown to have a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 when compared to pooled nasopharyngeal swab and throat swab samples. Viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were similar between paired nasal strip samples and nasal swab samples….
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