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Tag: disparities
November 4, 2020
Beyond the 405 and the 5: Geographic Variations and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rates in Los Angeles County
In Los Angeles, geographic factors associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV2 diagnosis included a higher proportion of Latino/Latina residents, higher rates of poverty and higher household density. The analysis was conducted using a spatial analysis of the health department data from the period of 1 March and 30 June 2020, with a total of…
October 26, 2020
Association of State Stay-at-Home Orders and State-Level African American Population With COVID-19 Case Rates
A cross-sectional study using daily state-level data on COVID-19 cases, tests, and fatalities from March to May 2020 found that stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) were associated with reductions in cumulative COVID-19 case rates and subsequent fatality rates. Had no SAHOs been implemented, estimated cumulative case rates would have been more than 200% higher, and fatalities 22%…
October 21, 2020
Variation in Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality by Age in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study
Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality rates are particularly strong among younger people. A cross-sectional study reported that as of July 22, 2020, the age-standardized COVID-19 mortality ratios (compared to non-Hispanic white) were 3.6 for people who are non-Hispanic Black, 2.2 for those who are non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 2.2 for Hispanic people and…
October 19, 2020
Association of Time to Diagnosis with Socioeconomic Position and Geographical Accessibility to Healthcare among Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study in Hong Kong
Living in public rental houses and living in an area with low educational attainment were associated with longer time to diagnosis in the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Hong Kong. In contrast, this association was not observed during the second wave of infections, when the surveillance measures were enhanced. The study examined socioeconomic characteristics…
October 14, 2020
High Food Insecurity in Latinx Families and Associated COVID-19 Infection in the Greater Bay Area California
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Increased food insecurity was found in Latinx communities in the San Francisco Bay Area during the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of phone interviews from three separate Latinx cohorts conducted from March to September 2020 in the San Francisco Bay Area (total 375 households, 1,875 individuals) found that only 47% of surveyed Latinx…
Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on the Incidence of Preterm Birth: A National Quasi-Experimental Study
Nationwide implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in the Netherlands on March 9, 2020 was associated with significant reductions in the incidence of preterm births in the following months compared to the corresponding time window immediately prior to mitigation measures (RR=0.77 to 0.85, depending on the length of the time window on either side of March…
October 12, 2020
Geographic Variation of Racial Disparities in Health and COVID-19 Mortality
The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was reported to be three-fold higher among Black individuals in the US compared to white individuals, and the crude mortality was two-fold higher. However, the infection-fatality-ratio was similar between Black and white individuals. There was a higher prevalence of comorbidities (63% vs 55%) and adverse socioeconomic factors (47% vs 31%)…
October 7, 2020
Access and Enrollment in Safety Net Programs in the Wake of COVID-19: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
An online survey conducted in April found that 28% of US respondents (n=1,007) reported an employment reduction (job loss or reduced earnings). Participants who experienced COVID-19 employment reduction were significantly more likely to seek assistance from safety net programs than those who did not (46% vs. 12%) and more likely to have enrolled in unemployment…
October 6, 2020
The Relationship between Neighborhood Poverty and COVID-19 Mortality within Racial/ethnic Groups (Cook County Illinois)
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Using census and individual-level mortality data in Cook County, IL, Feldman et al. found that racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality are only partly attributable to differences in socioeconomic position. Among those in the highest-poverty quartile, Black and Hispanic/Latinx young people shared similar mortality rates with white young people, while in the…
October 1, 2020
Widening the Gap Greater Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Burden after Accounting for Missing Race/ethnicity Data
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Among 19,637 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection reported in Fulton County, Georgia from February 29th to August 19th 2020, 36% were missing race/ethnicity information in the case report. Compared to complete case analyses, imputation and bias-adjustment for race/ethnicity yielded higher estimates of infection rates (1.5 to 1.8-fold increase). The magnitude of the absolute…
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