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Tag: non-pharm interventions
June 14, 2021
Effect of Specific Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Policies on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in the Counties of the United States
A modeling study estimating the impact of different non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies on the SARS-CoV-2 effective reproduction number (Reff) found that NPIs that included closure of schools and leisure activities and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reff below 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff 0.97) or face…
June 8, 2021
Portable HEPA Purifiers to Eliminate Airborne SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
A systematic review of 11 studies found that portable HEPA purifiers were able to significantly reduce airborne SARS-CoV-2-surrogate particles. Experimental parameters varied considerably, including room sizes varying from 14.75 to 108 m3, and surrogate particle size from 0.012um to <1mm. Overall, HEPA filter-based personal air cleaners were overall the most efficient in removing surrogate particles…
June 7, 2021
Slight Reduction in SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Viral Load Due to Masking Results in a Significant Reduction in Transmission with Widespread Implementation
A mathematical model fit to data from King County, Washington found that in a scenario where masks only lowered viral exposure by about 50%, they were still effective at controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and moderately efficacious masks would reduce exposure viral load ten-fold among people who get infected despite masking in the era before vaccines were…
Early Epidemiological Evidence of Public Health Value of WA Notify a Smartphone-Based Exposure Notification Tool Modeling COVID-19 Cases Averted in Washington State
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study of the impact of Washington State’s exposure notification tool, WA Notify, in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 during the first four months of implementation found that based on an estimated COVID-19 case fatality of 1.4%, WA Notify saved 30-120 lives over this period. A model was run on a range…
May 27, 2021
Impacts of Social Distancing Policies on Mobility and COVID-19 Case Growth in the US
State-level emergency declarations early in the COVID-19 pandemic (early March 2020) were associated with a 10% reduction in time spent away from places of residence, according to an analysis of anonymized mobility data from opted-in Google users aggregated at the county level. Subsequent implementation of physical distancing policies and shelter-in-place mandates resulted in additional 25%…
Serial Intervals and Case Isolation Delays for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The serial interval for COVID-19 (the interval between successive cases in a chain of transmission) ranged from 1 to 10 days in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 studies including 129 estimates. A separate systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies found that the case isolation delay interval (delay between a case diagnosis and…
May 21, 2021
The Impact of Covid-19 State Closure Orders on Consumer Spending, Employment, and Business Revenue
An analysis of COVID-19 state closure orders found that although these policies led to decreases in consumer spending, business revenue, and employment, they accounted for a small proportion of observed decreases in these outcomes in the early months of the pandemic. The analysis used a difference-in-difference model to examine geographic and temporal variation in these…
May 18, 2021
Controlling Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Essential Workers of Enclosed Food Manufacturing Facilities
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] In a quantitative risk assessment model simulating a susceptible worker exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-infected worker during an 8-hour shift at an enclosed food manufacturing facility, infection risk was highest (96%) via droplet and aerosol transmission within 1-3 meters in the absence of any mitigation measures. Droplet transmission contributed mostly at 1 meter…
Adherence to Masking Requirement During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Early Elementary School Children
Observed mask adherence was on average 77% throughout a school day among pre-K to 2nd grade students participating in in-school instruction in an observational survey (n=1,000) across 15 private schools in Atlanta, GA during Fall 2020. Mask adherence, as observed by teachers for 1,048 classroom days, was lowest among Pre-K students (50-60%) and highest among…
May 13, 2021
Results of a Shortened Quarantine Protocol on a Midwestern College Campus
No evidence of onward SARS-CoV-2 transmission was observed among college students released from quarantine after 7 days at the University of Notre Dame between September and November 2020. The 7-day quarantine protocol required both a negative PCR test on day 4 and a negative antigen test on day 7. Among 1,130 asymptomatic contacts of index…
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