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Tag: non-pharm interventions
December 11, 2020
Estimated Resource Costs for Implementation of CDC’s Recommended COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12 Public Schools — United States, 2020–21 School Year.
Mitigation strategies recommended by CDC to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools are estimated to cost between a mean value of $55 per student for materials and consumables (e.g. desk shields, hand sanitizer, and face masks) to $442 per student for additional custodial staff and transportation. These values represent an additional 0.3% to 7.1% above school…
December 10, 2020
Evaluation of Cloth Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of consumer-grade masks and improvised face coverings was similar to FFE of non-N95 respirator medical procedure masks with modifications to enhance fit, suggesting they are comparable in their ability to protect the wearer. FFE of consumer grade masks ranged from 26.5% to 79.5%. The highest performing consumer-grade mask was a 2-layer,…
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parental Attitudes and Concerns About School Reopening During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, July 2020
An internet panel survey (n=858) conducted in July 2020 found parents of school-aged children who identified as members of racial and ethnic minority groups expressed more concerns about some aspects of school re-opening than their peers who identified as non-Hispanic white. Though the majority (56.5%) strongly or somewhat agreed that schools should reopen in fall…
Belief of Having Had Unconfirmed Covid-19 Infection Reduces Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing
A questionnaire administered to 12,434 UK National Health Service users found that people who believe they had COVID-19 and recovered from it were 27% less likely to be willing to download a contract tracing app than people who do not believe they had COVID-19. While 60.3% were willing to participate, the authors report this proportion…
December 7, 2020
Quantifying the Impact of Test-Trace-Isolate-Quarantine (TTIQ) Strategies on COVID-19 Transmission
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study modeling impacts of a test-trace-isolate-quarantine (TTIQ) strategy on SARS-CoV-2 transmission showed that finding and isolating positive individuals quickly after symptom onset had the largest effects on reducing cases, and that contact tracing may mitigate suboptimal test coverage or delays. Overall, TTIQ was found to be effective in controlling epidemics with…
Effect of Early Application of Social Distancing Interventions on COVID-19 Mortality over the First Pandemic Wave: An Analysis of Longitudinal Data from 37 Countries
A longitudinal ecological study found that cumulative mortality during the first wave of the pandemic was lower across 37 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries when bans on mass gatherings and school closures were implemented early in SARS-CoV-2 epicenters. A one-day delay in implementation of a mass gatherings ban was on average associated…
December 4, 2020
Detecting COVID-19 Infection Hotspots in England Using Large-Scale Self-Reported Data from a Mobile Application: A Prospective, Observational Study
A study modeling longitudinal, self-reported data from users of the COVID Symptom Study app in England between March and September 2020 estimated that on Sept 28 there was a daily incidence of 15,841 cases of COVID-19 nationally, a prevalence of 0.53%, and an effective reproduction number, R(t), of 1.17. Users were invited to submit swabs…
COVID-19 Lockdown Induces Disease-Mitigating Structural Changes in Mobility Networks
An analysis of the impacts of lockdowns in Germany indicated that reductions in long-distance travel resulted in loss of connectivity between different regions of the country, leading to more locally clustered contact networks and potentially slowing the spatial spread of COVID-19. Using movement data from mobile phones, the authors found that mobility did not decrease…
December 3, 2020
Increased Intensity Of PCR Testing Reduced COVID-19 Transmission Within Countries During The First Pandemic Wave
A study across 173 countries and territories representing 99% of global COVID-19 cases concluded that among COVID-19 interventions, PCR testing had the greatest association with reducing the average reproduction number (R0). Though testing intensity showed the largest variation among all interventions, a ten-fold increase in the ratio of tests to new cases reduced the R0…
COVID-19 and Infant Hospitalizations for Seasonal Respiratory Virus Infections, New Zealand, 2020
A pediatric hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand observed a dramatic decrease in cases of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus after COVID-19 lockdown measures were implemented in March 2020, compared to prior seasons. Additionally, case reductions were sustained after gradual reopening beginning in April 2020. While annual hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections ranged from…
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