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Tag: non-pharm interventions
March 10, 2021
Modeling Transmission Dynamics and Effectiveness of Worker Screening Programs for SARS-CoV-2 in Pork Processing Plant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A modeling study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and screening programs in pork processing facilities during spring 2020 found that the effectiveness of routine PCR-screening at minimizing disease spread was influenced more by testing frequency than delays in results, the initial reproduction number, or background community transmission rates. While testing every three days prevented ~25-…
COVID-19-Associated School Closures and Related Efforts to Sustain Education and Subsidized Meal Programs United States February 18-June 30 2020
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study using daily media searches to identify publicly announced COVID-19–related school closures lasting ≥1 day in the United States, and statewide school closure policies from state government websites, found that the vast majority of the 600 districts sampled in the study offered distance learning (91%) and continued provision of subsidized meal…
March 8, 2021
On Secondary Atomization and Blockage of Surrogate Cough Droplets in Single- and Multilayer Face Masks
Using high-speed imaging and physics-based analyses, large (> 250 μm) simulated cough droplets were shown to penetrate single- or double-layer mask materials to a significant extent. The authors suggest that expelled droplets may atomize into smaller (< 100 μm) droplets that could remain airborne for longer periods, potentially impacting mask efficacy. For a droplet of…
March 5, 2021
Association of State-Issued Mask Mandates and Allowing On-Premises Restaurant Dining with County-Level COVID-19 Case and Death Growth Rates — United States, March 1–December 31, 2020
A comparison of US county-level data on mask mandates and restaurant re-openings in relation to county-level changes in COVID-19 case and death growth rates across the country (n=3,142 counties) between March-December 2020 found mask mandates were associated with decreases in daily COVID-19 case and death growth rates in all intervals from 1-20 to 81-100 days…
March 4, 2021
Impacts of Introducing and Lifting Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Daily Growth Rate and Compliance in the United State
Implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), measured as the percentage of electronic devices staying at home, led to a reduction in COVID-19 cases among US counties. Implementing one NPI was associated with a reduction of the daily COVID-19 growth rate by 176 cases per 100,000, with a stronger reduction in counties with a higher proportion of…
March 3, 2021
Assessment of a Hotel-Based COVID-19 Isolation and Quarantine Strategy for Persons Experiencing Homelessness
Among people who were referred to isolation and quarantine (I/Q) hotels in San Francisco from hospitals, outpatient settings, and public health surveillance, 81% completed their recommended I/Q course. The retrospective cohort study found that of the 1,009 I/Q hotel guests, 501 (50%) were persons experiencing sheltered (n=295) or unsheltered (n=206) homelessness, 33% had other medical…
February 23, 2021
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Child and Staff COVID-19 Cases in US Summer Camps
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Mask adherence among children in US summer camps was approximately 34% according to a survey of 486 summer camps that operated in 2020. Approximately 15% of camps reported one or more confirmed COVID-19 cases in either campers or staff, with three camps reporting a COVID-19 outbreak. Among the types of non-pharmaceutical interventions…
February 22, 2021
Disparate Patterns of Movements and Visits to Points of Interest Located in Urban Hotspots across US Metropolitan Cities during COVID-19
A study examining the effect of social distancing on changes in visits to urban hotspot points of interest (POIs) in US cities from January to May 2020 found that one group of cities, including San Francisco, Seattle, and Chicago, there was a substantial decrease in hotspot POI visitors, while in another group, including Austin, Houston…
A Comparison of Performance Metrics for Cloth Face Masks as Source Control Devices for Simulated Cough and Exhalation Aerosols
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study evaluating 15 reusable cloth masks (including face masks, neck gaiters, and bandanas), medical masks, and N95 filtering facepiece respirators as source control devices for aerosols produced during simulated coughing and exhalation found that the source control collection efficiencies for cloth masks ranged from 17 to 71% for coughing and 35…
February 19, 2021
Required and Voluntary Occupational Use of Hazard Controls for COVID-19 Prevention in Non-Health Care Workplaces – United States, June 2020
46% of non-remote, non–health care workers used hazard controls to prevent COVID (e.g., physical barriers, masks, and other personal protective equipment). Although 56% of workers surveyed reported required use at work, higher-income workers were more likely to report required use and to use hazard controls than were lower-income workers. Among workers not using hazard controls,…
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