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Tag: non-pharm interventions
February 5, 2021
Risk compensation and face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Implementation of face mask mandates may lead to people participating in higher risk activities. Using SafeGraph smart device location data and variation in the date that US states and counties issued face mask mandates, a comparison of time at home and the number of visits to public locations before and after face mask orders suggests…
February 3, 2021
Limited Benefit of Facility Isolation and the Rationale for Home Care in Children with Mild COVID-19
A study conducted in South Korea of 53 children with COVID-19 found that the risk of virus transmission to their caregivers was low, with no caregivers (n=15) in the study becoming ill when they used facemasks and practiced hand hygiene in an isolation unit. COVID-19 policies in South Korea require infected individuals to be admitted…
January 29, 2021
Response to a COVID-19 Outbreak on a University Campus — Indiana, August 2020
After an outbreak of 371 cases of COVID-19 on an Indiana university campus, the university was able to rapidly decrease new cases and gradually return to in-person learning by implementing aggressive transmission mitigation policies. These included aggressive testing, tracing, and isolation program, switching to online instruction for 2 weeks, mandating masks and physical distancing, developing…
January 26, 2021
Implementation and Evolution of Mitigation Measures, Testing, and Contact Tracing in the National Football League, August 9–November 21, 2020
Investigation of a cluster of 41 SARS-CoV-2 infections that occurred within the National Football League in late September 2020 identified at least 7 cases of infection where transmission likely occurred during <15 minutes of cumulative interaction within 6 feet of an infected individual, as confirmed by wearable tracking devices. Interviews revealed that some of these…
SARS-CoV-2 Control on a Large Urban College Campus Without Mass Testing
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Testing of symptomatic students combined with a random subset of asymptomatic students at the University of Pittsburgh demonstrated a prevalence SARS-CoV-2 infection of 0.4% and a case rate of 232 per 10,000 students, comparable to the case rates of other public urban institutions that implemented mass-testing. The authors suggest that targeted testing,…
Numbers of Close Contacts of Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Their Association with Government Intervention Strategies
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Analysis of more than 140,000 contacts of over 40,000 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Ireland from May to December 2020 showed that the number of contacts per case varied across specific populations and trended with implementation of government interventions. The number of contacts per case was highest among those aged 18-24 years and…
COVID-19 Cases and Transmission in 17 K–12 Schools — Wood County, Wisconsin, August 31–November 29, 2020
Despite widespread community transmission, limited COVID-19 spread was observed from August to November 2020 in 17 rural K-12 schools in Wood County, Wisconsin that reopened with in-person instruction and several infection mitigation measures. Schools implemented physical distancing among students and staff, established groups of 11-20 students, and had a 92% reported mask adherence among students….
January 25, 2021
Change in Reported Adherence to Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic, April-November 2020
An analysis of the Coronavirus Tracking Survey completed between April 1 and November 24, 2020 found that the adherence index (range 0 [low] to 100 [high]) to non-pharmaceutical interventions decreased substantially from 70 in April to the high 50’s in June, before rising back to 60 by late November. All US Census regions experienced significant…
January 22, 2021
COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Efforts from Health Departments — United States, June 25–July 24, 2020
An analysis of case investigation and contact tracing metric data reported by 56 U.S. health departments found wide variation in capacity and ability to conduct timely and effective contact tracing. A median of 57% of COVID-19 patients were interviewed within 24 hours of report of the case to a health department; a median of 1.2…
January 21, 2021
Estimating the Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on the Number of New Infections with COVID-19 during the First Epidemic Wave
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Using a Bayesian model and data from the first epidemic wave of 20 countries (including the US) to examine the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, event bans (canceling mass gatherings of >50 people) were associated with the highest reduction in the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections. Event bans reduced new infections by…
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