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Tag: public health
June 4, 2021
COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in the US, 2020
A cross-sectional study of contact tracing programs in 13 US health departments and 1 Indian Health Service Unit across 11 states found that 2 out of 3 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (N=74,185) were either not reached for interview or named no contacts when interviewed. A mean of 0.7 contacts per case were reached by telephone…
June 2, 2021
Changes in Patterns of Hospital Visits for Acute Myocardial Infarction or Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Surges
Hospitalization rates for heart attack declined up to 41% during the COVID-19 surge in Spring 2020 (2.82 to 1.66 cases per 100,000 person-weeks) but subsequently returned to 2019 rates, according to an analysis of weekly hospitalization rates of persons presenting to Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) between January 2020 to January 2021. Heart attack was…
The COVID-19 Pandemic Shifted the Veterans Affairs System toward Being a Payer and Virtual Care Provider Is It Sustainable
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] In-person care at facilities managed by the Veterans Health Administration (VA) declined from 63% of all visits prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to just 33% during the pandemic, according to an analysis of all encounters paid for or provided by the VA between January 2019 and February 2021. However, total visits of…
Economic Burden of Lives Lost Due to COVID-19 in New York State
The average years of potential life lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic was 12.72 and 15.13 years in New York State and New York City, respectively, according to an analysis of state and local health department data from February 2020 to March 2021 and Social Security administrative data on life expectancies. Corresponding economic burden due…
June 1, 2021
Improving COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Health Literacy and Vaccine Uptake in Patients: Comparison on the Readability of Patient Information Leaflets of Approved COVID-19 Vaccines
Patient-facing information documents for COVID-19 vaccines hosted by regulatory bodies in the US (Food and Drug Administration) and in the United Kingdom (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority) were shown to have a readability score corresponding to a 7th to 8th grade level and an 8th to 9th grade level, respectively, according to the Flesch-Kincaid…
May 28, 2021
Evaluating Data Types: A Guide for Decision Makers Using Data to Understand the Extent and Spread of COVID-19
A rapid consultation produced by a panel of experts from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine identified 7 data types used as indicators for evaluating local course of COVID-19 and 5 criteria to assess the reliability and validity of each data type. The 7 data types include confirmed cases, hospitalizations, emergency department visits,…
COVID-19 Case-Fatality Disparities among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Evidence from 12 US Jurisdictions
COVID-19 case fatality rates were higher among people with intellectual development disabilities (IDD) compared to rates for their respective jurisdiction, both among individuals living in congregate settings (2-5 times higher) and those receiving 24/7 nursing services (3-9 times higher) in an analysis of publicly reported data in 11 US states from March to April 2021….
May 27, 2021
Impacts of Social Distancing Policies on Mobility and COVID-19 Case Growth in the US
State-level emergency declarations early in the COVID-19 pandemic (early March 2020) were associated with a 10% reduction in time spent away from places of residence, according to an analysis of anonymized mobility data from opted-in Google users aggregated at the county level. Subsequent implementation of physical distancing policies and shelter-in-place mandates resulted in additional 25%…
Serial Intervals and Case Isolation Delays for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The serial interval for COVID-19 (the interval between successive cases in a chain of transmission) ranged from 1 to 10 days in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 studies including 129 estimates. A separate systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies found that the case isolation delay interval (delay between a case diagnosis and…
May 26, 2021
Decline in Influenza Cases in Mexico after the Implementation of Public Health Measures for COVID-19
A review of sentinel surveillance data on influenza-like illness in Mexico found a marked decrease in influenza diagnoses in outpatient clinics and public hospitals, influenza positivity rates, and confirmed severe influenza cases in the 10 weeks following implementation of lockdown measures in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The authors conclude that measures…
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