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December 23, 2020
Evaluating the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines
Using dual or triple primary endpoints that include SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic infection and severe COVID-19 could speed up characterization and licensure of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, according to models of placebo controlled-vaccine trials. The authors suggest that dual or triple primary endpoints could speed up the discovery, characterization, and licensure of effective vaccines by creating data…
Antibody Responses 8 Months after Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Choe et al. used four commercial immunoassays to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from seven participants with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and 51 patients with mildly symptomatic infections eight months after they tested positive by rt-PCR. For three of the four immunoassays used, seropositivity rates were high (69% to 91%). Antibody positivity differed significantly between the immunoassay methods,…
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Updated Interim Recommendation for Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 2020
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) now recommends that the COVID-19 vaccine be offered to people over the age of 75 and non-health care frontline workers in Phase 1B of the vaccine rollout. This is an update to recent vaccine allocation recommendations that suggested vaccinating health care personnel and long-term care facility residents against…
Multiplex Assays for the Identification of Serological Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Antibody-Based Diagnostic and Machine Learning Study
Testing for multiple biomarkers, as opposed to testing for a single antibody, increased the sensitivity of correctly identifying past SARS-CoV-2 infection. A multiplex serological assay was used to measure IgG and IgM antibody responses to seven SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens, two seasonal coronavirus antigens, and three non-coronavirus antigens. Antibodies were measured in serum samples collected up to…
ACTIV-3/TICO LY-CoV555 Study Group. (Dec 22, 2020). A Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody for Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
A randomized clinical trial among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that aimed to assess the effect of LY-CoV555, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, was halted due to futility after 314 patients had undergone infusion with either the antibody or a placebo. Patients who received the antibody infusion did not have better clinical outcomes at day five than…
Early Empirical Assessment of the N501Y Mutant Strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom October to November 2020
[pre-print; not peer-reviewed] Leung at al. estimate that the SARS-CoV-2 lineage that has rapidly become the most dominant in the United Kingdom is 75% more transmissible than the previous lineage, potentially due to a mutation in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Their estimates suggest that the R0 for the mutated 501Y strain…
December 15, 2020
Understanding Drivers of COVID-19 Racial Disparities: A Population-Level Analysis of COVID-19 Testing among Black and White Populations
Missouri Department of Health data show that Black populations in the St. Louis and Kansas City regions had lower COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed cases compared to white populations consistently throughout the pandemic. During March to June 2020, zip codes in the lowest quartile of testing rates, which had higher proportions of Black, uninsured, and…
Impact of Population Growth and Aging on Estimates of Excess U.S. Deaths During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to August 2020
Accounting for changes in the population age in the four-year period between 2015 and 2019 compared to the period between March and August of 2020 reduced estimates of excess deaths in the US from 301,400 deaths to 218,000 deaths, which substantially increased the contribution of COVID-19-related deaths (173,300 from March to August) to an excess…
Evaluating Intervention Strategies in Controlling COVID-19 Spread in Care Homes: An Agent-Based Model
Routine testing of staff in care homes was shown to be more effective than other infection control interventions, according to a transmission model parameterized to a care home setting in Scotland. Using isolation of symptomatic residents, testing of new admissions, social distancing, and restricted visiting as the reference intervention, the addition of routine testing of…
Individual and Community-Level Risk for COVID-19 Mortality in the United States
Jin et al. developed a model to produce absolute risk estimates for the general adult population across 477 US cities and for the Medicare population aged 65 years and older across 3,113 counties. Incorporating various sociodemographic factors and pre-existing conditions and validated with 54,444 deaths due to COVID-19 from June to October 2020, the model…
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