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Tag: summarize
October 12, 2020
Age-Targeted Dose Allocation Can Halve COVID-19 Vaccine Requirements
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] An age-structured mathematical model investigating age-specific allocation strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines indicated that across 179 countries, the highest priority individuals for vaccination were typically those 30-59 years of age, based on their higher risk of infection and disease, and greater rates of contact. The model assumed that the vaccine would be 70%…
An Innovative Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention to Mitigate SARS-CoV02 Spread Probability Sampling to Identify and Isolate Asymptomatic Cases
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Results from one modelling study suggest that a Sampling-Testing-Quarantine strategy for identifying and isolating asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 may help slow the spread of the epidemic without school or work shutdowns. An agent-based model was designed to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in Seattle, in order to test the strategy. The strategy involves…
Prevalence and Longevity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Healthcare Workers A Single Center Study
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed]A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers and first responders in California showed that antibody prevalence was 0.9% at the start of the study and 2.6% at 8-week follow-up among healthcare workers, and 5.3% and 4.4%, respectively, among first responders (between May and August,…
Clinical Impact of Molecular Point-of-Care Testing for Suspected COVID-19 in Hospital (COV-19POC): A Prospective, Interventional, Non-Randomised, Controlled Study
Point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with large reductions in time to results compared with centralized laboratory PCR testing in a prospective, interventional, non-randomized study of molecular point-of-care testing in the UK. 39% of adult patients in the point-of-care testing group and 28% in the control group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection using nose and…
Beneficial Effect of Corticosteroids in Preventing Mortality in Patients Receiving Tocilizumab to Treat Severe COVID-19 Illness
An observational retrospective analysis of the characteristics and risk factors for mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 treated with the immunomodulator tocilizumab (TCZ), with or without corticosteroids, found that mortality was associated with older age (HR=1.09), chronic heart failure (HR=4.4), and chronic liver disease (HR=4.69). 186 patients were treated with TCZ, among whom 129 were…
Sample Pooling Is a Viable Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Prevalence Settings
Sample pooling was found to be a practical strategy for SARS-CoV-2 testing in low-prevalence settings. The study assessed the sensitivity and theoretical efficiency of two, four, and eight-sample pools to evaluate throughput and assess the potential to conserve PCR reagents. As pool size increased, sensitivity decreased and efficiency increased. The practicality of pooling samples also…
Diagnostic Accuracy of FDA Authorized Serology Tests to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed]A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of seven different FDA-authorized tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies found that the pooled sensitivity was 87% and the pooled specificity was nearly 100%. Sensitivity increased with increased time between symptom onset and sample collection: at ≤ 7 days, sensitivity was 44%, for 8-14 days,…
Air and Surface Contamination in Non-Health Care Settings among 641 Environmental Specimens of 39 COVID-19 Cases
A study of SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air found that SARS-CoV-2 may be present on environmental surfaces for several days, especially in bathrooms. 641 specimens were collected from homes, hotels, public areas, cars, and pets that were potentially in contact with 39 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 in China. All positive specimens, based on…
Global Projections of Potential Lives Saved from COVID-19 through Universal Mask Use
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] An IHME analysis found that universal mask use could lead to a reduction of 815,600 (95% UI 430,600 – 1,491,000) deaths from COVID-19 globally between August 26th 2020 and January 1st 2021. The analysis used meta-regression of 40 studies measuring the impact of mask use on respiratory viral infections, as well…
September 30, 2020
The Potential Contribution of Face Coverings to the Control of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Schools and Broader Society in the UK a Modelling Study
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A modeling study shows that adoption of masks in secondary schools and community settings under current test-trace-isolate (TTI) levels could reduce the size of a second wave in the UK but not prevent it. Under current tracing levels, and at effective mask coverage of 30%, 46% of those with symptomatic infection would…
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