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Tag: testing
January 28, 2021
Performance of Saliva, Oropharyngeal Swabs, and Nasal Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining alternative sample types for testing (n=46) found that nasal swab (NS), saliva samples, and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs consistently captured lower percent positives than nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, though performance of OP and NS combined was similar to NP. The percent agreement between most alternative sample types and NP…
January 25, 2021
Antigen-Based Testing but Not Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Correlates With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Culture
Antigen testing using the BD Veritor System for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a higher positive predictive value (90%) than rt-PCR (70%) with the Quidel Lyra SARS-CoV-2 Assay when compared to virus culture as the gold standard. The positive percentage agreement for detection of infectious virus for the antigen test was similar to rt-PCR when compared to culture…
January 21, 2021
Self-Collection of Saliva Specimens as a Suitable Alternative to Nasopharyngeal Swabs for the Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-QPCR
Comparison of paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and saliva samples from 674 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection show that compared to NPS, saliva has a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 92%. Saliva sensitivity and specificity increased to 92% and 99%, respectively, when the cycle threshold (Ct) was ≤ 30. Ct values were significantly higher in…
Saliva Viral Load Better Correlates with Clinical and Immunological Profiles in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Among 91 pediatric COVID-19 patients (<18 years) admitted to a hospital in Hong Kong, SARS-CoV-2 viral loads from saliva correlated better with clinical and immunological profiles than viral loads from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS). Patients with cough, sputum production, and headache had significantly higher saliva, but not NPS, viral loads. Higher saliva, but not NPS, viral…
Factors Associated With US Public Motivation to Use and Distribute COVID-19 Self-Tests
A study among US adults (n=586) found high motivation for secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-testing kits, where at-risk/infected individuals distribute test kits to contacts in their social network. 90% of participants were motivated to distribute self-testing kits to contacts, 86% were motivated to self-test if given a kit from a potentially infected contact, and 83%…
January 20, 2021
Follow‐up of SARS‐CoV‐2 Positive Subgroup from the Asymptomatic Novel CORonavirus INfection (ACORN) Study
22% of asymptomatic participants with positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs developed symptoms within 14 days, according to results from the Asymptomatic novel CORonavirus iNfection (ACORN). Symptoms developed in 19 out of 86 participants a median of 6 days after the initial positive test result, the most frequently reported of which were fatigue or muscle aches (11%),…
January 19, 2021
Evaluation of Abbott BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection at Two Community-Based Testing Sites — Pima County, Arizona, November 3–17, 2020
The sensitivity of the BinaxNOW antigen test, compared to RT-PCR, was lower when testing specimens from asymptomatic (35.8%) than from symptomatic (64.2%) persons, based on 3,419 paired specimens from community testing in Arizona. Specificity was near 100% for both groups. Sensitivity was higher among the 96 specimens positive for viral culture (92.6% and 78.6% for…
January 15, 2021
Comparison of Saliva and Nasopharyngeal Swab Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Detection of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 studies comparing the accuracy of saliva nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) to nasopharyngeal swab NAAT found that the two methods yielded comparable results. The sensitivity of saliva NAAT was 83% compared to 85% for nasopharyngeal NAAT. Both tests had a specificity of 99%. The authors suggest that the…
January 14, 2021
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Outpatients: A Multi-Centre Comparison of Self-Collected Saline Gargle, Oral Swab and Combined Oral-Anterior Nasal Swab to a Provider Collected Nasopharyngeal Swab
Three self-collected non-nasopharyngeal swab techniques (saline gargle, oral swab, and oral-anterior nasal swab) demonstrated similar sensitivity to a provider-collected nasopharyngeal swab, when a positive test on any of the samples tested was used as the reference standard. Compared to 90% sensitivity using the provider-collected nasopharyngeal swab, the saline gargle, oral swab, and oral-anterior nasal swab…
Modelling Pool Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Addressing Heterogeneity in Populations
A modeling study suggests that pooled SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing where samples are pooled according to age group could decrease the number of tests per subject needed to diagnose one case, compared to conventional pooling that determines group size according to community prevalence. Though the decrease is small, large-scale testing could amplify savings, particularly in settings…
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