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Tag: variant
May 24, 2021
Epidemiological Characteristics of Three SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Implications for Future COVID-19 Pandemic Outcomes
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A modeling study that accounted for under detection of infection, seasonality, concurrent use of non-pharmaceutical interventions, and mass vaccination, found that the B.1.1.7 variant was 47% more transmissible but infrequently escaped immunity from prior wild-type infection; B.1.351 was 32% more transmissible and had 61% immune escape; and P.1 was 43% more transmissible…
Efficacy Estimates for Various COVID-19 Vaccines What We Know from the Literature and Reports
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A report using data from publications, reports, and press releases concluded that the average efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Novavax, Sinovac, and Sinopharm vaccines was about 85% against any disease with infection. Vaccine efficacy was >80% for all vaccines included except for Sinovac (51%, 95% CI 36-62%)….
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Spike Variants Bind Human ACE2 with Increased Affinity
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were found to have 2- and 4.6-times higher binding affinity, respectively, for the human ACE2 receptor than the wildtype virus. The authors suggest that this may explain some of the observed increased transmissibility of these variants. Ramanathan et al. (May 2021). SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Spike Variants Bind Human ACE2 with…
May 14, 2021
BNT162b2-Elicited Neutralization against New SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants
An in vitro study of serum neutralization after two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine found that variants B.1.526, B.1.429, and B.1.1.7+E484K remained susceptible to vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies at a level equivalent to the neutralization of wild-type USA-WA1/2020 strain. The authors suggest that these results indicate the additional E484K mutation, also found in the B.1.351 and B.1.526…
May 12, 2021
Antibody Responses After a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Sera of participants with detectable spike antibodies produced by natural infection had higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies against the wild-type strain and variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1351, and P.1) at least one week after a single dose of the Oxford-Astrazeneca vaccine (n=83) compared to sera from a mixed group of…
May 11, 2021
A New SARS-CoV-2 Variant Poorly Detected by RT-PCR on Nasopharyngeal Samples with High Lethality
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Patients confirmed by viral sequencing to be infected with a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant first described in France (assigned lineage B.1.616) (n=34) were less likely to test positive on their first PCR test (15% vs 97%) and more likely to die within 28 days (44% vs 16%) compared to patients infected with variants…
May 3, 2021
Household Clustering of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012-01) in England
In a study in England of all sequenced positive SARS-CoV-2 test results between October 1 – December 15, 2020, odds of household clustering with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was 1.9-fold higher than with wildtype virus, after adjusting for Index of Multiple Deprivation, region of residence, time of testing, age group, sex, race, and ethnicity of…
April 29, 2021
Linked Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.351 — Maryland, January–February 2021
A contact tracing investigation in January 2021 initiated after a Maryland resident was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection with the B.1.351 variant, first described in South Africa, identified two clusters comprised of 17 total patients not linked to travel. Sequencing of samples from the index case and three other patients from both clusters confirmed B.1.351…
April 21, 2021
COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a SARS-CoV-2 R.1 Lineage Variant in a Skilled Nursing Facility After Vaccination Program — Kentucky, March 2021
Unvaccinated residents and healthcare personnel (HCP) at a Kentucky skilled nursing facility had a 3 and 4.1-fold higher risk of infection compared to residents and HCP who were vaccinated with the Pfrizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, respectively, during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak identified on March 1, 2021. This outbreak was with a newly-introduced variant to the region called…
April 19, 2021
Increased Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 by Age and Viral Load Evidence from Danish Households
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Among Danish households in which an index case was infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage, the attack rate was 38%, compared to 27% in households with an index case infected with other lineages. A study of 5,241 households with index cases (n = 808 B.1.1.7 and n = 4,433 other lineages) conducted…
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