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Topic: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
December 2, 2020
Stepwise School Opening and an Impact on the Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Children
School opening with good adherence to mitigation measures among students in Korea did not cause significant school-related COVID-19 outbreaks. Following the implementation of social distancing strategies on February 29, 2020, in-person classes convened between May 20 and June 8 at four steps with high school senior students (grade 12) back to school first. As of…
Differential Effects of Antiseptic Mouth Rinses on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity in Vitro
[Preprint, not peer reviewed] Molecular experiments of several commercially available mouth rinses and antiseptics (Listerine, chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and Colgate Peroxy) found that all products inactivated replication of competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses and pseudotyped viruses expressing spike proteins. The prolonged effect of mouth rinse induced cytotoxicity may impact anti-viral activity. Xu et al. (Dec 1, 2020)….
Voluntary Adoption of Social Welfare-Enhancing Behavior: Mask-Wearing in Spain during the COVID-19 Outbreak
A nationally representative survey of 4000 citizens in Spain during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic reported that 49% of respondents wore protective masks either occasionally or very frequently, 10% rarely wore a mask, and 41% never wore a mask. People who were young, had higher educational attainment, reported a lower concern about infection, and…
November 30, 2020
Quantifying Human Mobility Behaviour Changes during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the United States
A study assessing human mobility changes in the US from February to May indicated that government orders and the severity of local SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks significantly contributed to the strength of social distancing in the United States. The study used an integrated dataset of mobile device location data and constructed a Social Distancing Index to evaluate…
November 25, 2020
Educational Gains of in‐person vs. Distance Learning in Primary and Secondary Schools: A Natural Experiment during the COVID‐19 Pandemic School Closures in Switzerland
Educational gains among primary school students in Switzerland were cut in half with distance learning during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of educational gains during the 8 weeks of school closures related to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Switzerland, compared to the prior 8 weeks, found high heterogeneity in learning processes between individual primary…
Reducing Travel-Related SARS-CoV-2 Transmission with Layered Mitigation Measures Symptom Monitoring Quarantine and Testing
[Pre-print; not peer-reviewed] A model built to assess the relative impact of symptom monitoring, testing, and quarantine practices on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by infected travelers suggests that quarantining for 14 days almost eliminates risk of transmission. The effectiveness of testing depended on timing and quality of the test, with the combination of a pre-travel test…
November 24, 2020
Evaluating the Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders on the Time to Reach the Peak Burden of Covid-19 Cases and Deaths: Does Timing Matter?
Among countries and US states implementing stay-at-home mandates between April and May 2020, a longer period of time between the first reported case and implementation of mandates was associated with a longer time to reach peak daily case and death counts. For US states, each additional day between first case and mandate implementation predicted an…
Association of COVID-19 Misinformation with Face Mask Wearing and Social Distancing in a Nationally Representative US Sample
Behavior-specific beliefs about mask use and physical distancing were more predictive of actual protective behaviors related to COVID-19 than beliefs in misinformation (e.g., rumors about the origins of the viral outbreak). Findings were based on a two-wave nationally representative survey of US adults (T1 n=1,074; T2 n=889). Though belief in misinformation was negatively associated with…
November 23, 2020
Physical Interventions to Interrupt or Reduce the Spread of Respiratory Viruses
A meta-analysis with 67 pre-COVID-19 trials reported no significant reduction in respiratory viral infection with the use of medical/surgical masks during influenza season (9 trials; 3507 participants), and no clear differences between the use of medical/surgical masks versus N95/P2 respirators in healthcare workers (5 trials; 8407 participants). Hand hygiene was associated with an 11% relative…
November 20, 2020
COVID-19 Infection Control Measures in Long-Term Care Facility, Pennsylvania, USA
A combination of daily symptom tracking for staff, daily testing of staff, and twice-weekly testing of residents was associated with reduced incidence of COVID-19 in long term care facilities. Implementation of a surveillance program that conducted daily symptom screening questionnaires for all persons involved in daily activities at a Pennsylvania long term care facility in…
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