Result for
Topic: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
December 16, 2020
The Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders on Social Distancing and the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Texas
A study of the impacts of shelter-in-place policies in Texas found that the growth rate of COVID-19 cases and deaths decreased when a large percentage of the population stayed home. The greatest number of people sheltering occurred during the first week of the policy implementation, and steadily declined thereafter. The study did not find evidence…
December 15, 2020
Asynchrony Between Individual and Government Actions Accounts for Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities
Mobility data across 1,124 US counties show that individuals began to socially distance at a median of 5 days (IQR=3-8) after 10 cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases in their state, but at a median of 12 days (IQR=8-17) before state governments issued stay-at-home orders (SAHOs). Using SAHO dates as a proxy for social distancing accounts for…
December 11, 2020
Estimated Resource Costs for Implementation of CDC’s Recommended COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12 Public Schools — United States, 2020–21 School Year.
Mitigation strategies recommended by CDC to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools are estimated to cost between a mean value of $55 per student for materials and consumables (e.g. desk shields, hand sanitizer, and face masks) to $442 per student for additional custodial staff and transportation. These values represent an additional 0.3% to 7.1% above school…
December 10, 2020
Evaluation of Cloth Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of consumer-grade masks and improvised face coverings was similar to FFE of non-N95 respirator medical procedure masks with modifications to enhance fit, suggesting they are comparable in their ability to protect the wearer. FFE of consumer grade masks ranged from 26.5% to 79.5%. The highest performing consumer-grade mask was a 2-layer,…
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parental Attitudes and Concerns About School Reopening During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, July 2020
An internet panel survey (n=858) conducted in July 2020 found parents of school-aged children who identified as members of racial and ethnic minority groups expressed more concerns about some aspects of school re-opening than their peers who identified as non-Hispanic white. Though the majority (56.5%) strongly or somewhat agreed that schools should reopen in fall…
Belief of Having Had Unconfirmed Covid-19 Infection Reduces Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing
A questionnaire administered to 12,434 UK National Health Service users found that people who believe they had COVID-19 and recovered from it were 27% less likely to be willing to download a contract tracing app than people who do not believe they had COVID-19. While 60.3% were willing to participate, the authors report this proportion…
December 7, 2020
Effect of Early Application of Social Distancing Interventions on COVID-19 Mortality over the First Pandemic Wave: An Analysis of Longitudinal Data from 37 Countries
A longitudinal ecological study found that cumulative mortality during the first wave of the pandemic was lower across 37 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries when bans on mass gatherings and school closures were implemented early in SARS-CoV-2 epicenters. A one-day delay in implementation of a mass gatherings ban was on average associated…
December 4, 2020
Economic Stressors and the Enactment of CDC-Recommended COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors: The Impact of State-Level Context
People experiencing job and financial insecurity were found to be less likely to enact CDC-recommended guidelines such as physical distancing, hand washing, and limiting nonessential trips from home in a study modeling data from currently employed US workers (n = 745) from 43 states. The inverse relationship between job insecurity and compliance with the CDC…
COVID-19 Lockdown Induces Disease-Mitigating Structural Changes in Mobility Networks
An analysis of the impacts of lockdowns in Germany indicated that reductions in long-distance travel resulted in loss of connectivity between different regions of the country, leading to more locally clustered contact networks and potentially slowing the spatial spread of COVID-19. Using movement data from mobile phones, the authors found that mobility did not decrease…
December 3, 2020
COVID-19 and Infant Hospitalizations for Seasonal Respiratory Virus Infections, New Zealand, 2020
A pediatric hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand observed a dramatic decrease in cases of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus after COVID-19 lockdown measures were implemented in March 2020, compared to prior seasons. Additionally, case reductions were sustained after gradual reopening beginning in April 2020. While annual hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections ranged from…
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