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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
January 26, 2021
Evaluation of Seasonal Respiratory Virus Activity Before and After the Statewide COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Order in Northern California
Infection rates for influenza and rhinovirus or enterovirus were significantly lower during March 25 to July 31, 2020 compared to the same time period during the past 5 years, according to a cohort study in California that included over 45,000 tests for the viral respiratory infections. This significant drop in infection rates coincided with implementation…
Association of Smoking and Cumulative Pack-Year Exposure With COVID-19 Outcomes in the Cleveland Clinic COVID-19 Registry
Greater pack-years of smoking was associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes in a cohort of 7,102 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with full smoking information. Patients who smoked between 10-30 pack years had 1.4-times the odds of hospitalization compared to never smokers, while patients who smoked more than 30 pack-years had 2.3 -times the odds of hospitalization and…
Dynamic Public Perceptions of the Coronavirus Disease Crisis, the Netherlands, 2020
Monitoring of public perceptions during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands found that respondents believed the risks associated with COVID-19 to be considerable, were positive about mitigation measures, trusted in information and response from authorities, and reported widespread adoption of protective measures. Differences in perception were mostly driven by factors…
Prioritization of Public Health Emergency Preparedness Funding Among Local Health Departments Preceding the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From NACCHO’s 2019 National Profile of Local Health Departments
A report from the National Association of County and City Health Official’s 2019 National Profile of Local Health Departments (LHDs) study shows that over half of LHDs had stagnant funding from the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. Additionally, LHDs experienced a 16% decrease in full-time employees from 2008 to 2019, while the total number of…
January 25, 2021
Excess Mortality Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic among Californians 18-65 Years of Age by Occupational Sector and Occupation March through October 2020
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study using death records from the California Department of Public Health found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, working age adults experienced a 22% increase in mortality compared to historical periods, which varied by race/ethnicity and occupational sector and occupation. Latino Californians experienced a 36% increase in mortality (59% among Latino food/agriculture…
January 22, 2021
COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Efforts from Health Departments — United States, June 25–July 24, 2020
An analysis of case investigation and contact tracing metric data reported by 56 U.S. health departments found wide variation in capacity and ability to conduct timely and effective contact tracing. A median of 57% of COVID-19 patients were interviewed within 24 hours of report of the case to a health department; a median of 1.2…
Confronting COVID-19 in under-Resourced, African American Neighborhoods: A Qualitative Study Examining Community Member and Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Qualitative research conducted in under-resourced communities in Alabama found that Black community members highlighted concerns about contracting COVID-19 and noted apathy, difficulty with social distancing, lack of information, mixed messages from authority figures, and lack of PPE as barriers to prevention. Facilitators to coping with the pandemic included religious faith, increased physical activity, and a…
January 21, 2021
Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2019–20 School Year
National vaccination coverage among US kindergarteners was high for the 2019-20 school year, despite most schools shifting to virtual learning in the spring due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination coverage for state-required number of doses of DTaP, MMR, and varicella (chickenpox) was 94.9%, 95.2%, and 94.8%, respectively. The exemption rate was 2.5%, and only 2.3%…
Association of Social and Economic Inequality With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Incidence and Mortality Across US Counties
A cross-sectional ecologic analysis using US county-level data found that counties with higher income inequality and a higher proportion of Black or Hispanic residents had higher COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Each 1% increase in county-level income inequality, proportion of Black residents, and proportion of Hispanic residents corresponded to 2%, 1.9%, and 2.4% higher incidence and…
January 20, 2021
COVID-19 within a Large Prison with High Number of Vulnerable Adults in the UK, March to June 2020: An Outbreak Investigation and Screening Event
A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak investigation in a large prison with a vulnerable population was quickly contained, with only 58 out of 1,156 residents (5%) and 129 out of 510 staff (25%) developing COVID-19 symptoms. 62% of symptomatic residents were 50 years or older, and frequently reported symptoms were cough with no fever (29%), followed by a…
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