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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
January 20, 2021
Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities
COVID-19 incidence among people detained by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was higher than the incidence in the US general population, with an overall incidence of 214 per 1,000 people (5,810 cases among 27,189 people), with 6 deaths reported. The incidence was higher than in the general population in the surrounding county in 20…
January 19, 2021
Examine the Associations between Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, Physical Activity, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
An online survey using the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform (n=2,667) shows that compared to higher-poverty neighborhoods, low-poverty neighborhoods had more health-promoting neighborhood conditions before the COVID-19 pandemic and had more positive changes, such as higher physical activity through increased walking, during the outbreak. A separate analysis shows that mental health problems were linked to the…
SARS-Cov-2 Prevalence Transmission Health-Related Outcomes and Control Strategies in Homeless Shelters Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis including 13 studies (8 of which are US-based) found that the pooled baseline SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among homeless shelter is 2.1% among residents and 1.7% among staff. However, in outbreaks, the prevalence increases to 30% among residents and 15% among staff. The main infection prevention and control measures cited included universal…
Communications in the Time of a Pandemic: The Readability of Documents for Public Consumption
A majority of COVID-19-related documents produced by the WHO, UK, US and Australian governments were shown to be at or above recommended readability levels. Though the study suggests that the included US documents (n=10) are easiest to read among all the documents, the mean Flesch Reading Ease Score of US documents was a 53.1, which…
Public’s Understanding of Swab Test Results for SARS-CoV-2: An Online Behavioural Experiment during the April 2020 Lockdown
Among 566 Italian residents, 90% reported that they considered a swab test for SARS-CoV-2 to be useful, but only 67% understood the impact of test diagnostic accuracy and infection prevalence on test predictive value. Participants underestimated the specificity and overestimated the sensitivity of the test. They also tended to overestimate the positive predictive value and…
January 14, 2021
COVID-19 Symptom Monitoring and Social Distancing in a University Population
Headache, followed by cough, sore throat, and aches, were the most frequently reported symptoms in a COVID-19 app-based monitoring study conducted within a public university population in the US (n=20,000). Analysis of data from individuals with GPS movement data (n=175) show that reported symptoms or prior COVID-19 contact did not significantly affect individual movement. Wojtusiak…
Testing, Infection and Complication Rates of COVID-19 among People with a Recent History of Homelessness in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study
A population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada (n=29,407) found that compared to community-dwelling people, people with a recent history of homelessness were more likely to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 and to have a positive test result during the pre-shutdown, peak, and reopening phases of the pandemic. During the peak period, people with a recent…
January 12, 2021
Preterm Birth and Stillbirth During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden: A Nationwide Cohort Study
A nationwide cohort study in Sweden found that births occurring between April to May 2020 were not at elevated risk of preterm birth and stillbirth compared to births occurring during the same period in 2019. Excluding mothers with COVID-19 produced similar results. Among mothers in the cohort, the mean number of maternal healthcare visits (2.3)…
Excess Cerebrovascular Mortality in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
During April 2020, 40 states and New York City experienced fewer stroke-related emergency calls and an excess cerebrovascular mortality during April 2020. Decreased stroke-related emergency calls were associated with excess stroke deaths 1-2 weeks later. Among 23 states and New York City, a 10% increase in time spent at home was associated with a 4%…
The Burden of the Pandemic on the Non-SARS-CoV-2 Emergencies: A Multicenter Study
A decrease in total weekly emergency medical visits was observed following social distancing mandates in Sao Paolo, Brazil in March 2020. While emergency medical visits due to trauma, abdominal plain, chest pain, and the common cold saw a decrease, emergency medical visits due to other conditions such as acute appendicitis, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke…
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