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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
December 7, 2020
How Do the Public Interpret COVID-19 Swab Test Results Comparing the Impact of Official Information about Results and Reliability Used in the UK US and New Zealand a Randomised Controlled Trial
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A randomized controlled trial with 1744 UK participants evaluated test interpretation and guidance from public health websites by giving hypothetical test results and randomizing participants to either receive no more information or information on the interpretation of test results from a public health website from the UK, US, or New Zealand. Most…
Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York City
A retrospective cohort study of 9722 patients tested for SARS-COV-2 in New York City found that Black and Hispanic patients were more likely than white patients to test positive (OR 1.3 and OR 1.5, respectively). Odds of hospitalization were similar for Black, Hispanic, and white individuals, but higher for Asian and multiracial individuals (OR 1.6…
December 4, 2020
Overdose-Related Cardiac Arrests Observed by Emergency Medical Services During the US COVID-19 Epidemic
A retrospective observational analysis using the National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System showed that through August 1, 2020, overdose-related cardiac arrests in 2020 totaled 49.5 per 100,000 EMS activation (48.5% above baseline). Peak rates in May were more than double baseline levels from 2018 and 2019. Overdose-related EMS activation values were similar before and…
The Effect of Area Deprivation on COVID-19 Risk in Louisiana
Individuals residing in the most deprived neighborhoods in Louisiana had almost 40% higher risk of COVID-19 compared to those in least deprived neighborhoods. Neighborhood deprivation was assessed using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and publicly available data were used to estimate COVID-19 cumulative case counts. The authors propose that factors that may have contributed to…
Negative Age Stereotypes Associated with Older Persons’ Rejection of COVID‐19 Hospitalization
Negative stereotypes about older age significantly predicted a rejection of hospitalization among older individuals who were sick with COVID-19, but not among younger people holding negative age stereotypes in a survey of individuals (n = 1590) from April to May 2020. The authors highlight the need for future research examining the extent to which the…
Detecting COVID-19 Infection Hotspots in England Using Large-Scale Self-Reported Data from a Mobile Application: A Prospective, Observational Study
A study modeling longitudinal, self-reported data from users of the COVID Symptom Study app in England between March and September 2020 estimated that on Sept 28 there was a daily incidence of 15,841 cases of COVID-19 nationally, a prevalence of 0.53%, and an effective reproduction number, R(t), of 1.17. Users were invited to submit swabs…
December 3, 2020
Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality across Michigan United States
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Examining individual level-death certificate and surveillance data in Michigan from March to October 2020 shows that among 6,056 COVID-19 related deaths, Black individuals experienced 3.6-times the mortality rate compared to white individuals. Among those under 65 years old without comorbidities, Black individuals had a mortality rate 12.6-times that of white individuals….
Disproportionate Incidence of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Persons Identifying as Hispanic or Latino — Denver, Colorado March–October 2020
During the first 7 months (March-October) of the COVID-19 epidemic in Denver, Colorado, a majority of adult COVID-19 cases (55%), hospitalizations (62%), and deaths (51%) were among Hispanic adults, despite Hispanic individuals representing only 25% of the population. Compared to symptomatic non-Hispanic adults, a higher proportion of symptomatic Hispanic adults reported working while ill, working…
Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Homeless Shelters in Chicago, Illinois—March–May, 2020
Widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing in homeless shelters in Chicago during March to May 2020 showed higher prevalence among residents (30%; 431 of 1435) than among staff (15%; 41 of 282). Among residents, prevalence was higher among those sharing a room with more people, while current smoking was associated with lower prevalence. At the facility level, higher…
Multidisciplinary Community-Based Investigation of a COVID-19 Outbreak Among Marshallese and Hispanic/Latino Communities — Benton and Washington Counties, Arkansas, March–June 2020
An Arkansas Department of Health report from June 2020 reported that Marshallese and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) persons in Benton and Washington counties accounted for 64% of COVID-19 cases and 57% of associated deaths despite representing approximately 19% of the population. Focus group discussions and key-informant interviews revealed lack of relevant health communications, limited coordination…
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