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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
May 13, 2020
Protecting Health during COVID-19 and beyond: A Global Examination of Paid Sick Leave Design in 193 Countries
Heymann et al. assess the availability of paid sick leave in 193 UN member states. They found 27% of countries do not guarantee paid sick leave from the first day of illness, and 58% do not have explicit provisions to ensure self-employed and gig economy workers have access to paid sick leave benefits. Critical gaps remain between jeopardize health and economic security….
Estimating Excess 1-Year Mortality Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic According to Underlying Conditions and Age: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Banerjee et al. estimate the excess 1-year COVID-19 mortality under different scenarios by levels of transmission suppression and relative risk (RR) of mortality above the baseline level using electronic health records from 3.8 million people in UK. Based on a population-based cohort study 20% of the population is in the high-risk category (aged >70 years or aged £70 years with at least one underlying condition). Baseline 1-year…
May 12, 2020
Pandemic Related Health Literacy – A Systematic Review of Literature in COVID-19 SARS and MERS Pandemics
A literature review of health literacy related to COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, which included 70 articles, found low pandemic health literacy, ranging from 4.3% to 57.9% among medical-related populations, and from 4% to 82.5% among non-medical populations. The items most frequently evaluated were knowledge about symptoms and transmission, concern about infection, and practices related to mask use and…
Public Health Response to COVID-19 Cases in Correctional and Detention Facilities — Louisiana, March–April 2020
A COVID-19 Management Assessment and Response (CMAR) tool was used to assess 24 correctional facilities in Louisiana and identified general awareness and understanding of prevention guidance among administrators. While limited ability to quarantine exposed persons and inability to engage in social distancing likely contributed to transmission in these facilities, the CMAR tool could be implemented more broadly to…
Identification and Monitoring of International Travelers During the Initial Phase of an Outbreak of COVID-19 — California, February 3–March 17, 2020
Between early February and mid–March 2020 almost 12,000 passengers from selected countries were screened upon entry to the US and monitored by local health jurisdictions in California. Of these, 3 travelers were matched to COVID-19 patients reported to the state by April 15th, out of over 25,000 cases overall. This effort was found to be labor-intensive and its utility limited by incomplete information and…
Public Health Communication in Time of Crisis: Readability of On-Line COVID-19 Information
The mean readability score for the first 100 English language websites found using the search term “coronavirus” estimated that readability levels for nearly all websites exceeded the 10th grade by at least four of five tests, with one test finding a mean readability level of grade 18 (graduate school level) across the sampled websites. The majority of COVID-19 messages…
May 11, 2020
Comprehensive Testing Highlights Racial Ethnic and Age Disparities in the COVID-19 Outbreak
Ahmed et al. compared the characteristics of 1,229 (6.1%) SARS-CoV-2-positive patients to 18,859 (93.9%) people who tested negative in Salt Lake County, Utah. Adjusted for symptoms, Hispanic or Latino persons were 2-fold more likely than non-Hispanic white individuals to test positive (aOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.1). Risk of hospitalization was higher among people aged 60+ compared to people…
Structural Vulnerability in the United States Revealed in Three Waves of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Three overlapping epidemiologic waves of spread of COVID-19 are linked to different structural vulnerabilities. 1) Early community transmission reaching nursing homes and long- term care facilities with high prevalence of chronic disease and limited health monitoring. 2) Transmission and broad community spread that has disproportionally affected African Americans, undocumented and documented Hispanic immigrants, and members of the Native American Navajo Nation with high of prevalence chronic disease, lack of health…
May 8, 2020
Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24-April 21, 2020
The CDC COVID-19 response team reports on factors associated with spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the US. The first confirmed COVID-19 case in the US was reported on January 21, 2020. The outbreak appeared contained through February, and then accelerated rapidly in March. Factors contributing to accelerated spread included continued travel-associated importations, large gatherings, introductions into high-risk workplaces and densely populated areas, and…
May 7, 2020
Repeated Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in a Population-Based Sample from Geneva Switzerland
Researchers in Switzerland used a pre-existing representative survey of the population of Geneva to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Each week, 1,300 participants not in quarantine or isolation were invited to participate, along with all members of the household 5 years or older. Over the first 3 weeks of the 12 week study, 1,335 participants were recruited (31% of those invited). Seroprevalence was estimated to be 3.1% (95% CI 0.2, 5.99) in…
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