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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
April 9, 2021
The Impact of Changes in Diagnostic Testing Practices on Estimates of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States
Trends over time and changes in the level of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing and reporting practices can bias the estimates of the basic reproductive number (R0), an estimate of transmission. An increasing R0 could be overestimated if the proportion of cases captured increases over time, which can be affected by changes in testing eligibility and an…
COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Among American Indian/Alaska Native and White Persons — Montana, March 13–November 30, 2020
A review of COVID-19 surveillance data from March-November 2020 in Montana revealed that COVID-19 incidence and mortality were higher among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons compared to white persons. The incidence of COVID-19 among AI/AN persons was 2.2-times higher than among White persons and COVID-19 mortality was 3.8-times higher. The case fatality rate was 1.7-times…
Notes from the Field : COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Program — Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota, September–November 2020
In September 2020, a CDC-assisted, tribally managed COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing program for the Spirit Lake Tribe in North Dakota was implemented in response to increasing incidence of COVID-19. Between September 29 and November 20, 2020, 317 persons with confirmed COVID-19 and 667 close contacts were reported. 80% of patients with confirmed COVID-19…
April 6, 2021
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Identity-Based Public Health Announcements in Increasing the Likelihood of Complying with COVID-19 Guidelines: An Online Experiment
Public Service Announcements (PSA) tailored to match the identity of the viewer increase the likelihood that the viewer reported a willingness to comply with mask-use and stay-at-home policies. In this cross-sectional online experiment of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers (n=292), a PSA tailored for Christians when matched with a Christian identity increased likelihood of reported compliance…
Estimates and Projections of COVID-19 and Parental Death in the US
An estimated 37,300 children aged 0-17 years in the US had lost at least 1 parent due to COVID-19 by February 2021, of which roughly 3 in 4 are adolescents aged 10-17 years. Estimates were computed by taking current COVID-19 mortality estimates (479,000) and applying a bereavement multiplier (number of children parentally bereaved per COVID-19…
April 5, 2021
A Multicountry Perspective on Gender Differences in Time Use during COVID-19
During the COVID-19 pandemic, women spent more time than men on tasks such as childcare and household chores, according to responses from eight cross-sectional surveys and one longitudinal survey of adults in the US, Canada, Denmark, Brazil, and Spain (n = 31,141). These differences were stronger for parents. The authors note that to the extent…
Health Literacy, Digital Health Literacy, and COVID-19 Pandemic Attitudes and Behaviors in U.S. College Students: Implications for Interventions
Among 256 US college students surveyed in June 2020, only 49% reported adequate health literacy (HL) and 57% found digital health literacy (DHL) tasks easy overall. DHL tasks included searching for health information online. Both HL and DHL were independently associated with overall compliance with basic preventive practices for COVID-19. Higher DHL was significantly associated…
Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes in the US, March 1, 2020, to January 2, 2021
The US experienced 22.9% more deaths than expected (522,368 excess deaths) between March 1, 2020 and January 2, 2021. The rate of excess deaths was higher among non-Hispanic Black (208.4 deaths per 100 000) than non-Hispanic white or Hispanic populations (157.0 and 139.8 deaths per 100 000, respectively); these groups accounted for 16.9%, 61.1%, and 16.7% of…
April 1, 2021
Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Hospitalization, and Mortality Among US Nursing Home Residents
Individual-level factors were more likely to be associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2-related hospitalization and death than risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of over 482,000 long-stay nursing home residents, risk of hospitalization was associated with BMI >45; male sex; Hispanic, Black, or Asian race/ethnicity; comorbidities; and older age (>90 years). In…
Death Certificate–Based ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes for COVID-19 Mortality Surveillance — United States, January–December 2020
The number of US death certificates from 2020 listing COVID-19 and at least one other co-occurring diagnosis were consistent with the number of deaths attributable to COVID-19 in 2020 (approximately 375,000) reported to the CDC’s National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Among 378,048 death certificates including the ICD-10 code for COVID-19, 5.5% (20,915) only listed that…
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