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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
June 3, 2021
Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 randomized trials assessing safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA-based (e.g., Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) and adenovirus-vectored (e.g., Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Sputnik V) vaccines had the highest efficacy in phase 2/3 trials (94.6% and 80.2%, respectively). The mRNA-based vaccines had the highest level of side effects reported,…
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Tolerance in Allergic versus Non-Allergic Individuals
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine elicited worse local and systemic reactions among individuals with a history of allergy in an online survey of vaccinated medical professionals in Poland (n=1,808). However, no severe allergic reactions were reported. Local redness (17% vs 11%), pain (86% vs 80%), and swelling (19% vs 13%) after the first dose and vomiting (3%…
Vaccine Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine against RT-PCR Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections Hospitalisations and Mortality in Prioritised Risk Groups
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine >7 days after the second dose ranged between 53-86% in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, ≥75% in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations, and ≥89% in preventing COVID-19 deaths in a nationwide cohort study of high-risk groups in Denmark including long term care facility (LTCF) residents, individuals aged ≥65 years requiring personal…
COVID-19 Vaccination Advice via SMS-Based Video to Improve Vaccination Uncertainty in at-Risk Groups
An SMS/text messaging-based intervention to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy using a short web-based education video delivered to a cohort of immunosuppressed patients in the UK (n=8,886, 27% response rate) was associated with an increase in the proportion of patients who reported being aware that vaccines were safe and recommended from 36% to 88% among those…
June 2, 2021
Stopping the Misinformation BNT16b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Has No Negative Effect on Women’s Fertility
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study of 47 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Israel found no significant differences in IVF cycle outcomes in all participants prior to and after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, suggesting that vaccination has no negative effect on fertility using assisted reproductive technology. No significant differences were observed in the number…
Previous COVID-19 Infection, but Not Long-COVID, Is Associated with Increased Adverse Events Following BNT162b2/Pfizer Vaccination
History of COVID-19 infection was associated with greater odds of reporting at least one moderate-to-severe adverse event symptom following the first dose of the Moderna vaccine (56% vs 47%, OR=1.5), according to an analysis of data from a self-reported electronic survey of healthcare workers in England (n=974; 27% with PCR- or serology-confirmed infection). After adjusting…
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Evade Humoral Immune Responses from Infection and Vaccination
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding and neutralizing activity in sera of both convalescent individuals who had recovered from infection that occurred prior to the spread of variants of concern (VOC) (n=69) and recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n=50) were reduced against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 VOC, according to a cohort study. The largest…
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant DNA COVID-19 Vaccine Containing the Coding Regions of the Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins Preliminary Results from an Open-Label Phase 1 Trial in Healthy Adults Aged 19-55 Years
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An open-label phase 1 trial in Korea for the recombinant COVID-19 DNA vaccine candidates GX-19 and GX-19N (Genexine, Inc.) (n=61) found that geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies elicited by vaccination were lower than convalescent sera (although higher than pre-vaccination sera). GX-19N-elicited T-cell responses were stronger than GX-19 and were similar…
Convalescent-Phase Sera and Vaccine-Elicited Antibodies Largely Maintain Neutralizing Titer against Global SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spikes
Sera collected from individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to April 2020 (n=18) neutralized pseudoviruses with the mutated spike proteins of variants of concern, including B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248, with only a minor loss in neutralizing activity. Similarly, neutralizing activity among individuals fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n=5) were only reduced up to 3-fold by…
June 1, 2021
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection 1 Year After Primary Infection in a Population in Lombardy, Italy
Individuals with known prior SARS-CoV-2 infection had a 93% lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the following year, according to a cohort study in Italy from February 2020 to February 2021. During a mean follow-up of 280 days, 5 reinfections occurred in 1,579 patients with a prior positive PCR test (mean interval between infections >230…
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