Basically, videoconferencing is either internet (IP) based or is a linkage via telephone connection. This refers to the manner in which a signal/message travels between participants in a call; that is, who is the carrier. IP protocol is the most commonly used, and the least expensive.

Data in the form of email or other computer files can often also be sent back and forth across the communication channel or simultaneously viewed by all participants during a videoconference. A school consultant can conveniently view/review a classroom videotape to evaluate children's behavior. Videoconferencing also allows for shared applications, referred to as store and forward technique.

There are 2 standard "handshake" protocols used between dedicated videoconferencing stations: H.323 and SIP. If your organization has a dedicated videoconferencing studio and you wish to arrange a conference with another organization which also has dedicated equipment (not necessarily the same brand as yours), you merely need to establish which protocol to use and you are "ready to go."

The most widely used videoconferencing software in 2010 is Skype.
The software is free and easy to download and use. However, it can be unreliable during times of high useage and lacks security encryption. Therefore it is inappropriate for use in healthcare and public school applications.

There are at least 2 other Desktop based products which are more reliable and secure, and available at modest cost:

Polycom PVX

LifeSize® Desktop™

Although videoconferencing covers a range of situations, these tend to divide themselves into two main areas:

1. Clinical Consultation
   
   
2. Inservice