Case,
M. F., C. B. Halpern, and S. A. Levin. 2013. Contributions of gopher mound and casting disturbances to plant
community structure in a Cascade Range meadow complex. 2013. Botany 91:555-561. 
Also see
Case,
M.F. 2012. Gopher disturbance and plant community dynamics
in montane meadows. Senior thesis. Princeton University,
Princeton, NJ. 74 p. 
Case, M. F., C. B. Halpern, and S. A. Levin. 2013. Gopher-mound and casting disturbances contribute to plant community structure in a Cascade Range meadow complex. 98th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Minneapolis, MN.  |
| Mounds |
Castings |
 |
_Plot%202_Jul%207%202011.jpg) |
| As
fresh mounds age, soil compaction and rain
bring stones to the surface and plant colonization
commences. |
|
| Soil
castings form under winter snowpack. Gophers
move soil into snow tunnels which are then
exposed by spring snowmelt. |
|
|